Dermatologic Disorders Clinical Evaluation and Management Examination: Vesicles Bullae Burrows Crusts Cysts Erosions Excoriations and Fissures, Acne Vulgaris Comedonal Papulopustular and Nodulocystic Inflammatory Lesions with Hormonal and Bacterial Pathog

Dermatologic Disorders Clinical Evaluation and Management Examination: Vesicles Bullae Burrows Crusts Cysts Erosions Excoriations and Fissures, Acne Vulgaris Comedonal Papulopustular and Nodulocystic Inflammatory Lesions with Hormonal and Bacterial Pathogenesis, Acne Rosacea Erythema Telangiectasias Phymatous Changes and Ocular Involvement, Atopic Dermatitis Chronic Pruritic Eczematous Plaques Xerosis and the ‘Itch-Scratch’ Cycle, Asteatotic Dermatitis Xerotic Pruritic Cracked Skin, Psoriasis Plaque Guttate Erythrodermic Pustular Palmoplantar and Inverse Types with Immunologic Hyperproliferation, Vitiligo Autoimmune Depigmented Macules with Phototherapy and Topical Corticosteroid Management, Topical and Systemic Retinoids, Corticosteroids, Calcineurin Inhibitors, Phototherapy, Biologics (TNF-alpha and IL Inhibitors) for Severe Disease Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Vesicle fluid-filled epidermal elevation 1 cmm in diameter Serous, sanguineous, or seropurulent Bulla 1cm in diameter Erosions occur after rupture Burrow A linear thread-like elevation of the skin Crust Yellowish-brown sticky debris consisting of dried serum, scale, and usually bacteria Cyst Circumscribed, firm, yet often slightly compressible, spherical lesion, fixed in the dermis Erosion Focal loss of a portion of the epidermis, non-scarring Excoriation Self-inflicted disruption of the epidermis Fissure Vertical cut extending into the dermis Acne A disorder of pilosebaceous follicles Acne epidemiolgoy Affects 90% of adolescents All races equally affected Family history is often positive Typically presents at ages 8-12 (often the first sign of puberty), peaks at ages 15-18, and resolves by age 25 12% of women and 3% of men will have acne until their 40s In women, it is not uncommon to have to have a first outbreak at 20-35 years of age acne vulgaris: clinical presentation Distribution - acne affects mainly the face, neck, upper trunk and upper arms (where sebaceous glands are abundant) Morphology - acne begins with "clogged pores" (pore = pilosebaceous unit), aka comedones open comedones = "blackheads" Closed comedones = "whiteheads" Acne pathogenesis •Four factors are involved in the formation of acne lesions Increase in sebum production (influenced by androgens) •Keratin and sebum plug the hair follicle and accumulate leading to hyperkeratosis (comedone formation) •P. acnes (bacteria) proliferates in the sebaceous follicle (releases enzymes and stimulates release of pro-inflammatory cytokines) •Inflammatory response Classification Classification of acne is based on the morphology Comedonal: open and closed comedones Inflammatory: papules and pustules Nodulocystic: nodules and cysts It is equally important to describe the severity and the presence of scarring for each patient. Each type can be mild to severe depending on the extent and density of acne