6637 Week 2 Pulmonary and Infectious Disease: CRB-65
Severity Assessment, Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Acute
Bronchitis, Viral and Bacterial Pathogens, Influenza, Pertussis, CAP
Empiric Antibiotics, Pneumococcal Risk, Peak Flow, Spirometry,
FEV1, FVC, Asthma Management, COPD Severity, Infectious
Diarrhea, Shigella, Salmonella, Clostridium difficile, Traveler’s
Diarrhea, Infectious Mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr Virus, Lyme
Disease Stages, Tick-Borne Infection, Tuberculosis Screening,
Latent vs Active TB, TST, IGRA, TB Chemoprophylaxis, Vaccination
Strategies, Patient Education, Antiviral Therapy, Antibiotic
Stewardship, Hospitalization Criteria, High-Risk Populations Exam
Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded
Rationales Latest Updated 2026
CRB-65 criteria
Patients diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) may need to be treated inpatient
instead of in the outpatient setting
Confusion, Resp Rate >30, systolic Blood pressure <90 or DBP <60, age >65
Support accurate appraisal of pneumonia severity, provide site-of-care recommendations to assist in
clinical decision-making, offer easy access to evidence-based guidelines on management via hyperlinks
CRB-65 criteria 0 or 1
Low mortality risk
Likely suitable for home treatment
CRB-65 criteria 1 or 2
intermediate mortality risk
Likely needs hospital referral and further assessment
,CRB-65 criteria 3 or 4
high mortality risk
Urgent hospital admission and immediate treatment
Acute Bronchitis
Acute, self-limited inflammation of trachea and major bronchi
Characterized by cough, lasting 1-3 weeks, in the absence of pneumonia
Often associated with URI
Acute Bronchitis Viral
Most common cause
Influenza A and B
Parainfluenza
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Coronavirus
Adenovirus
Acute bronchitis Bacterial
Bordetella pertussis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
H. influenzae
M. catarrhalis
, Acute bronchitis clinical presentation and physical examination
URI symptoms
Nasal and pharyngeal symptoms subside after 3-4 days
Cough remains: can last up to 6 weeks, may be productive or nonproductive
May have fever
Rhonchi, wheezes or rales may be present
Acute bronchitis diagnostics
Generally based on clinical findings - cough that persists longer than 7 days is suggestive of acute
bronchitis
Rapid diagnostic tests only if there is suspicion of treatable organism, infectious outbreak in community
and patient has specific signs and symptoms
Chest x ray if pneumonia is suspected or cough lasting more than 3 weeks - elderly, tachycardia,
tachypnea, fever
acute bronchitis management
Symptoms reduction: Antitussive therapy -
Dextromethophan 300mg/5mL, 1-2 tsp po q4h prn; Benzonatate
Antipyretics, bed rest, increased fluids
Bronchodilators (if wheezing) - Albuterol HFA 1-2 puffs q 4-6h prn
Antibiotics (if pertussis suspected) - Macrolide; Azithromycin 500mg qd x 1 day then 250mg qd, days 2-5
(if no contraindications)
Antiviral (if influenza and treatment initiated within 2 days of symptom onset) - Oseltamivir 75mg po bid
x 5 days
Severity Assessment, Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Acute
Bronchitis, Viral and Bacterial Pathogens, Influenza, Pertussis, CAP
Empiric Antibiotics, Pneumococcal Risk, Peak Flow, Spirometry,
FEV1, FVC, Asthma Management, COPD Severity, Infectious
Diarrhea, Shigella, Salmonella, Clostridium difficile, Traveler’s
Diarrhea, Infectious Mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr Virus, Lyme
Disease Stages, Tick-Borne Infection, Tuberculosis Screening,
Latent vs Active TB, TST, IGRA, TB Chemoprophylaxis, Vaccination
Strategies, Patient Education, Antiviral Therapy, Antibiotic
Stewardship, Hospitalization Criteria, High-Risk Populations Exam
Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded
Rationales Latest Updated 2026
CRB-65 criteria
Patients diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) may need to be treated inpatient
instead of in the outpatient setting
Confusion, Resp Rate >30, systolic Blood pressure <90 or DBP <60, age >65
Support accurate appraisal of pneumonia severity, provide site-of-care recommendations to assist in
clinical decision-making, offer easy access to evidence-based guidelines on management via hyperlinks
CRB-65 criteria 0 or 1
Low mortality risk
Likely suitable for home treatment
CRB-65 criteria 1 or 2
intermediate mortality risk
Likely needs hospital referral and further assessment
,CRB-65 criteria 3 or 4
high mortality risk
Urgent hospital admission and immediate treatment
Acute Bronchitis
Acute, self-limited inflammation of trachea and major bronchi
Characterized by cough, lasting 1-3 weeks, in the absence of pneumonia
Often associated with URI
Acute Bronchitis Viral
Most common cause
Influenza A and B
Parainfluenza
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Coronavirus
Adenovirus
Acute bronchitis Bacterial
Bordetella pertussis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
H. influenzae
M. catarrhalis
, Acute bronchitis clinical presentation and physical examination
URI symptoms
Nasal and pharyngeal symptoms subside after 3-4 days
Cough remains: can last up to 6 weeks, may be productive or nonproductive
May have fever
Rhonchi, wheezes or rales may be present
Acute bronchitis diagnostics
Generally based on clinical findings - cough that persists longer than 7 days is suggestive of acute
bronchitis
Rapid diagnostic tests only if there is suspicion of treatable organism, infectious outbreak in community
and patient has specific signs and symptoms
Chest x ray if pneumonia is suspected or cough lasting more than 3 weeks - elderly, tachycardia,
tachypnea, fever
acute bronchitis management
Symptoms reduction: Antitussive therapy -
Dextromethophan 300mg/5mL, 1-2 tsp po q4h prn; Benzonatate
Antipyretics, bed rest, increased fluids
Bronchodilators (if wheezing) - Albuterol HFA 1-2 puffs q 4-6h prn
Antibiotics (if pertussis suspected) - Macrolide; Azithromycin 500mg qd x 1 day then 250mg qd, days 2-5
(if no contraindications)
Antiviral (if influenza and treatment initiated within 2 days of symptom onset) - Oseltamivir 75mg po bid
x 5 days
