6637 Week 2 EENT: Ophthalmic Evaluation, Visual Acuity, Pupillary
Responses, Intraocular Pressure, Extraocular Movements, Blepharitis, Anterior
and Posterior Eyelid Inflammation, Hordeolum, Chalazion, Conjunctivitis (Viral,
Bacterial, Allergic), Corneal Abrasion, Foreign Body, Preseptal and Orbital
Cellulitis, Sinusitis, Otitis Externa, Otitis Media, Allergic Rhinitis, Nasal
Congestion, Postnasal Discharge, Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Dental Abscess, Oral
Infections (Herpes Simplex, HPV, Thrush, Aphthous Ulcers), Antibiotic
Stewardship, Antiviral Therapy, Corticosteroids, Mast Cell Stabilizers,
Antihistamines, Infection Control, Patient Education, Referral Criteria,
Vaccination Strategies, High-Risk Populations, Supportive Care, Topical and
Systemic Pharmacotherapy Exam Questions Verified and Provided with A+
Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
Evaluation of the eyes
History of Present Illness
Onset - acute vision loss should be referred for immediate evaluation by ophthalmologist
Location
Duration
Characteristics
Associated factors
Relieving factors
Temporal associated - worse in the morning? night?
Severity
Evaluation of the eyes: physical exam
Visual acuity
Pupil responses
Intraocular pressure
Visual fields
Extraocular movements
,Intraocular pressure
Palpate globes through closed lids
Firm, painful eye with cloudy cornea is indicative of an acute rise in intraocular pressure = emergency
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid
Can be infectious or inflammatory in nature
All forms may result in: disruption of ocular surface, dry eye syndrome, development of hordeolum or
chalazia
Anterior blepharitis
anterior lid surrounding eyelashes
Common in middle age women, often from eye make up
Posterior blepharitis
Meibomian gland dysfunction
Can be from a parasite infection
Seborrheic blepharitis
Improper function of oil glands
Hordeolum and Chalazion
, Commonly referred to as styes, often clinically indistinguishable
hordeolum
acute infection of one of the glands in the eyelid, more common in children and adolescents, usually
painful
most common from staph
Chalazion
A chronic, sterile inflammatory lesion, more common in adults
Symptoms: gradually enlarging localized nodule, usually not painful
hordeolum and chalazion physical exam
Palpate lid for swelling and masses
Evert eyelid
Internal hordeolum points internally toward the conjunctival surface
External hordeolum is superficial and point to the lid margin
Diagnostics not indicated
Hordeolum and chalazion management
Self-limited, spontaneously improves in 1-2 weeks with conservative treatment
Warm, moist compresses with light massage over the lesion
If no improvement, ophthalmic ointment can be prescribed: erythromycin
If conservative treatment fails, refer to ophthalmology
Educate - daily eyelid hygiene, replace mascara and eye make up regularly
Responses, Intraocular Pressure, Extraocular Movements, Blepharitis, Anterior
and Posterior Eyelid Inflammation, Hordeolum, Chalazion, Conjunctivitis (Viral,
Bacterial, Allergic), Corneal Abrasion, Foreign Body, Preseptal and Orbital
Cellulitis, Sinusitis, Otitis Externa, Otitis Media, Allergic Rhinitis, Nasal
Congestion, Postnasal Discharge, Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Dental Abscess, Oral
Infections (Herpes Simplex, HPV, Thrush, Aphthous Ulcers), Antibiotic
Stewardship, Antiviral Therapy, Corticosteroids, Mast Cell Stabilizers,
Antihistamines, Infection Control, Patient Education, Referral Criteria,
Vaccination Strategies, High-Risk Populations, Supportive Care, Topical and
Systemic Pharmacotherapy Exam Questions Verified and Provided with A+
Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
Evaluation of the eyes
History of Present Illness
Onset - acute vision loss should be referred for immediate evaluation by ophthalmologist
Location
Duration
Characteristics
Associated factors
Relieving factors
Temporal associated - worse in the morning? night?
Severity
Evaluation of the eyes: physical exam
Visual acuity
Pupil responses
Intraocular pressure
Visual fields
Extraocular movements
,Intraocular pressure
Palpate globes through closed lids
Firm, painful eye with cloudy cornea is indicative of an acute rise in intraocular pressure = emergency
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid
Can be infectious or inflammatory in nature
All forms may result in: disruption of ocular surface, dry eye syndrome, development of hordeolum or
chalazia
Anterior blepharitis
anterior lid surrounding eyelashes
Common in middle age women, often from eye make up
Posterior blepharitis
Meibomian gland dysfunction
Can be from a parasite infection
Seborrheic blepharitis
Improper function of oil glands
Hordeolum and Chalazion
, Commonly referred to as styes, often clinically indistinguishable
hordeolum
acute infection of one of the glands in the eyelid, more common in children and adolescents, usually
painful
most common from staph
Chalazion
A chronic, sterile inflammatory lesion, more common in adults
Symptoms: gradually enlarging localized nodule, usually not painful
hordeolum and chalazion physical exam
Palpate lid for swelling and masses
Evert eyelid
Internal hordeolum points internally toward the conjunctival surface
External hordeolum is superficial and point to the lid margin
Diagnostics not indicated
Hordeolum and chalazion management
Self-limited, spontaneously improves in 1-2 weeks with conservative treatment
Warm, moist compresses with light massage over the lesion
If no improvement, ophthalmic ointment can be prescribed: erythromycin
If conservative treatment fails, refer to ophthalmology
Educate - daily eyelid hygiene, replace mascara and eye make up regularly
