BIOD 152
LAB’S 1-8 NOTEBOOK
Human Anatomy and Physiology II
Portage Learning, Geneva College
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
Experiment 1 – Nervous System
Experiment 2 – Senses
Experiment 3 – Histology of Human Body Systems
Experiment 4 – Circulatory System – Heart and Vessels
Experiment 5 – Circulatory System – Blood Flow Tracing
Experiment 6 – Circulatory System: Blood Types
Experiment 7 – Reproductive System
Experiment 8 – The Excretory System
, NOTEBOOK ENTRY FOR:
STUDENT NAME – Experiment 1 – Nervous System
TITLE: The Nervous System
NOTES:
The Brain
● The human brain is the most sophisticated brain of all animal species
● Has the quickest ability to adapt to different circumstances
● inability to execute decisions very rapidly
● controls general mobility
● controls behavioral action
● very complex and sophisticated organ
● Average adult brain weights about 1300 to 1400 grams (around 3 lbs.)
● male brain slightly larger than female - this doesn’t relay or relate to
any sign of intelligence
● size of brain is proportional to size of the body controlling it.
o Example:
▪ elephant brain is 6,000 grams
▪ brain in rat is 2 grams
● When we look at a brain, to identify it regionally, we look at it and refer
to front part as the rostral part lab animal-towards nose- human-
forehead area- nostral is front part of brain
● Posterior aspect- lab animal-direction of tail- human-back part of neck
or spinal cord
3 main divisions of the human brain:
1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Brain stem
Cerebrum:
● largest part of brain
● 83% of volume
● 2 cerebral hemispheres right and left
● externally marked by folds of tissue. If we look at folds of tissue called gyri
(gyrus is singular)- shallow grooves separating the gyri called sulci (sulcus
singular)-important sulci are central sulcus between red and purple
markings in lecture.
● The gyri allow brain to have larger surface area
● performs at higher level or more sophisticated
This study source was downloaded by 100000902171055 from CourseHero.com on 12-04-2025 19:07:33 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/49945476/Lab-1-docx/
, ● Right and left hemispheres separated longitudinally by the longitudinal
fissure (deep groove)
● Internally joined by a six bundle of nerves corpus collapse
5 anatomic lobes
● Forehead (rostral part of brain
● Very important lobe - forehead back to central sulcus
● frontal lobe consists of very specific gyrus called precentral gyrus
(primary motor area of brain)
● responsible for motor planning, voluntary mobility- memory or mood,
emotion aggression
● Parietal lobe: forms like the cap or top part of brain itself- left and right
● contains specific gyrus called the post central gyrus (primary sensory
area of brain)
● responsible for receiving and interpreting information regarding
general senses
● Occipital lobe at back of brain- green lobe- primary visual cortex of
brain- primary job- no large role in senses
● Laterally= yellow lobe called the temporal lobe.
● Two temporal lobes-Responsible for things like hearing and smell,
visual recognition, and plays role in learning and memory
● Fifth lobe of cerebrum is not visible from exterior (insula): deep to
temporal lobe- not much known because hard to access in living
subjects- responsible for understanding spoken language
2nd region of brain: cerebellum:
● Second largest part of brain
● Makes up only 10% of total brain volume
● contains over 50% of brains neurons
● located inferior to cerebrum
● located in area called posterior cranial fossa
● Folds called folia much narrower/smaller
● grooves are called salsi as are in cerebrum.
● FUNCTION: Responsible for motor coordination
● any lesion to cerebellum result in a very clumsy walking
pattern/awkward limb motion called ataxic movement
● Responsible for special perception, sensory feedback processing,
related to or helps to perform jobs like organizational tasks, attention
to detail.
● One research study shown people with ADD have smaller cerebellum
with people that don’t have ADD
This study source was downloaded by 100000902171055 from CourseHero.com on 12-04-2025 19:07:33 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/49945476/Lab-1-docx/
LAB’S 1-8 NOTEBOOK
Human Anatomy and Physiology II
Portage Learning, Geneva College
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
Experiment 1 – Nervous System
Experiment 2 – Senses
Experiment 3 – Histology of Human Body Systems
Experiment 4 – Circulatory System – Heart and Vessels
Experiment 5 – Circulatory System – Blood Flow Tracing
Experiment 6 – Circulatory System: Blood Types
Experiment 7 – Reproductive System
Experiment 8 – The Excretory System
, NOTEBOOK ENTRY FOR:
STUDENT NAME – Experiment 1 – Nervous System
TITLE: The Nervous System
NOTES:
The Brain
● The human brain is the most sophisticated brain of all animal species
● Has the quickest ability to adapt to different circumstances
● inability to execute decisions very rapidly
● controls general mobility
● controls behavioral action
● very complex and sophisticated organ
● Average adult brain weights about 1300 to 1400 grams (around 3 lbs.)
● male brain slightly larger than female - this doesn’t relay or relate to
any sign of intelligence
● size of brain is proportional to size of the body controlling it.
o Example:
▪ elephant brain is 6,000 grams
▪ brain in rat is 2 grams
● When we look at a brain, to identify it regionally, we look at it and refer
to front part as the rostral part lab animal-towards nose- human-
forehead area- nostral is front part of brain
● Posterior aspect- lab animal-direction of tail- human-back part of neck
or spinal cord
3 main divisions of the human brain:
1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Brain stem
Cerebrum:
● largest part of brain
● 83% of volume
● 2 cerebral hemispheres right and left
● externally marked by folds of tissue. If we look at folds of tissue called gyri
(gyrus is singular)- shallow grooves separating the gyri called sulci (sulcus
singular)-important sulci are central sulcus between red and purple
markings in lecture.
● The gyri allow brain to have larger surface area
● performs at higher level or more sophisticated
This study source was downloaded by 100000902171055 from CourseHero.com on 12-04-2025 19:07:33 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/49945476/Lab-1-docx/
, ● Right and left hemispheres separated longitudinally by the longitudinal
fissure (deep groove)
● Internally joined by a six bundle of nerves corpus collapse
5 anatomic lobes
● Forehead (rostral part of brain
● Very important lobe - forehead back to central sulcus
● frontal lobe consists of very specific gyrus called precentral gyrus
(primary motor area of brain)
● responsible for motor planning, voluntary mobility- memory or mood,
emotion aggression
● Parietal lobe: forms like the cap or top part of brain itself- left and right
● contains specific gyrus called the post central gyrus (primary sensory
area of brain)
● responsible for receiving and interpreting information regarding
general senses
● Occipital lobe at back of brain- green lobe- primary visual cortex of
brain- primary job- no large role in senses
● Laterally= yellow lobe called the temporal lobe.
● Two temporal lobes-Responsible for things like hearing and smell,
visual recognition, and plays role in learning and memory
● Fifth lobe of cerebrum is not visible from exterior (insula): deep to
temporal lobe- not much known because hard to access in living
subjects- responsible for understanding spoken language
2nd region of brain: cerebellum:
● Second largest part of brain
● Makes up only 10% of total brain volume
● contains over 50% of brains neurons
● located inferior to cerebrum
● located in area called posterior cranial fossa
● Folds called folia much narrower/smaller
● grooves are called salsi as are in cerebrum.
● FUNCTION: Responsible for motor coordination
● any lesion to cerebellum result in a very clumsy walking
pattern/awkward limb motion called ataxic movement
● Responsible for special perception, sensory feedback processing,
related to or helps to perform jobs like organizational tasks, attention
to detail.
● One research study shown people with ADD have smaller cerebellum
with people that don’t have ADD
This study source was downloaded by 100000902171055 from CourseHero.com on 12-04-2025 19:07:33 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/49945476/Lab-1-docx/
