Test bank-CURRENT Medical Diagnosis
and Treatment-latest 2025
Chapter 1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
Which of the following behaviors indicates the highest potential for spreading infections
among clients? The nurse:
disinfects dirty hands with antibacterial soap.
allows alcohol-based rub to dry for 10 seconds.
washes hands only after leaving each room.
uses cold water for medical asepsis.
What is the most frequent cause of the spread of infection among
institutionalized patients?
Airborne microbes from other patients
Contact with contaminated equipment
Hands of healthcare workers
Exposure from family members
Which of the following nursing activities is of highest priority for maintaining medical
asepsis?
Washing hands
Donning gloves
Applying sterile drapes
Wearing a gown
A patient infected with a virus but who does not have any outward sign of the disease
is considered a:
pathogen.
fomite.
vector.
carrier.
A patient is admitted to the hospital with tuberculosis. Which precautions must the
nurse institute when caring for this patient?
Droplet transmission
Airborne transmission
Direct contact
Indirect contact
, A patient becomes infected with oral candidiasis (thrush) while receiving intravenous
antibiotics to treat a systemic infection. Which type of infection has the patient developed?
Endogenous nosocomial
Exogenous nosocomial
Latent
Primary
A patient admitted to the hospital with pneumonia has been receiving antibiotics for 2
days. His condition has stabilized, and his temperature has returned to normal. Which stage of
infection is the patient most likely experiencing?
Incubation
Prodromal
Decline
Convalescence
The nurse assists a surgeon with central venous catheter insertion. Which action
is necessary to help maintain sterile technique?
Closing the patients door to limit room traffic while preparing the sterile field
Using clean procedure gloves to handle sterile equipment
Placing the nonsterile syringes containing flush solution on the sterile field
Remaining 6 inches away from the sterile field during the procedure
A patient develops localized heat and erythema over an area on the lower leg.
These findings are indicative of which secondary defense against infection?
Phagocytosis
Complement cascade
Inflammation
Immunity
The patient suddenly develops hives, shortness of breath, and wheezing after
receiving an antibiotic. Which antibody is primarily responsible for this patients response?
IgA
IgE
IgG
IgM
What type of immunity is provided by intravenous (IV) administration
of immunoglobulin G?
Cell-mediated
Passive
Humoral
Active
, A patient asks the nurse why there is no vaccine available for the common cold. Which
response by the nurse is correct?
The virus mutates too rapidly to develop a vaccine.
Vaccines are developed only for very serious illnesses.
Researchers are focusing efforts on an HIV vaccine.
The virus for the common cold has not been identified.
. A patient who has a temperature of 101F (38.3C) most likely requires:
acetaminophen (Tylenol).
increased fluids.
bedrest.
tepid bath.
Why is a lotion without petroleum preferred over a petroleum-based product as a skin
protectant? It:
Prevents microorganisms from adhering to the skin.
Facilitates the absorption of latex proteins through the skin.
Decreases the risk of latex allergies.
Prevents the skin from drying and chaffing.
For which range of time must a nurse wash her hands before working in the operating
room?
1 to 2 minutes
2 to 4 minutes
2 to 6 minutes
6 to 10 minutes
How should the nurse dispose of the breakfast tray of a patient who requires airborne
isolation?
1) Place the tray in a specially marked trash can inside the patients room.
Place the tray in a special isolation bag held by a second healthcare worker at the
2) patients door.
Return the tray with a note to dietary services so it can be cleaned and reused for the
3) next meal.
Carry the tray to an isolation trash receptacle located in the dirty utility room and
4) dispose of it there.
1 . How much liquid soap should the nurse use for effective hand washing? At least:
2 mL
3 mL
6 mL
7 mL
, To assure effectiveness, when should the nurse stop rubbing antiseptic hand
solution over all surfaces of the hands?
When fingers feel sticky
After 5 to 10 seconds
When leaving the clients room
Once fingers and hands feel dry
A patient is admitted to the hospital for chemotherapy and has a low white blood
cell count. Which precaution should the staff take with this patient?
Contact
Protective
Droplet
Airborne
While donning sterile gloves, the nurse notices the edges of the glove package are
slightly yellow. The yellow area is over 1 inch away from the gloves and only appears to be
on the outside of the glove package. What is the best action for the nurse to take at this point?
Continue using the gloves inside the package because the package is intact.
Remove gloves from sterile field and use a new pair of sterile gloves.
Throw all supplies away that were to be used and begin again.
Use the gloves and make sure the yellow edges of the package do not touch the client.
The nurse is removing personal protective equipment (PPE). Which item should
be removed first?
Gown
Gloves
Face shield
Hair covering
A nurse is splashed in the face by body fluid during a procedure. Prioritize the
nurses actions, listing the most important one first.
Contact employee health
Complete an incident report
Wash the exposed area
Report to another nurse that she is leaving the immediate area.
1,2,3,4
2,3,4,1
3,4,1,2
4,1,2,3
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
1. In which situation would using standard precautions be adequate? Select all that apply.
and Treatment-latest 2025
Chapter 1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
Which of the following behaviors indicates the highest potential for spreading infections
among clients? The nurse:
disinfects dirty hands with antibacterial soap.
allows alcohol-based rub to dry for 10 seconds.
washes hands only after leaving each room.
uses cold water for medical asepsis.
What is the most frequent cause of the spread of infection among
institutionalized patients?
Airborne microbes from other patients
Contact with contaminated equipment
Hands of healthcare workers
Exposure from family members
Which of the following nursing activities is of highest priority for maintaining medical
asepsis?
Washing hands
Donning gloves
Applying sterile drapes
Wearing a gown
A patient infected with a virus but who does not have any outward sign of the disease
is considered a:
pathogen.
fomite.
vector.
carrier.
A patient is admitted to the hospital with tuberculosis. Which precautions must the
nurse institute when caring for this patient?
Droplet transmission
Airborne transmission
Direct contact
Indirect contact
, A patient becomes infected with oral candidiasis (thrush) while receiving intravenous
antibiotics to treat a systemic infection. Which type of infection has the patient developed?
Endogenous nosocomial
Exogenous nosocomial
Latent
Primary
A patient admitted to the hospital with pneumonia has been receiving antibiotics for 2
days. His condition has stabilized, and his temperature has returned to normal. Which stage of
infection is the patient most likely experiencing?
Incubation
Prodromal
Decline
Convalescence
The nurse assists a surgeon with central venous catheter insertion. Which action
is necessary to help maintain sterile technique?
Closing the patients door to limit room traffic while preparing the sterile field
Using clean procedure gloves to handle sterile equipment
Placing the nonsterile syringes containing flush solution on the sterile field
Remaining 6 inches away from the sterile field during the procedure
A patient develops localized heat and erythema over an area on the lower leg.
These findings are indicative of which secondary defense against infection?
Phagocytosis
Complement cascade
Inflammation
Immunity
The patient suddenly develops hives, shortness of breath, and wheezing after
receiving an antibiotic. Which antibody is primarily responsible for this patients response?
IgA
IgE
IgG
IgM
What type of immunity is provided by intravenous (IV) administration
of immunoglobulin G?
Cell-mediated
Passive
Humoral
Active
, A patient asks the nurse why there is no vaccine available for the common cold. Which
response by the nurse is correct?
The virus mutates too rapidly to develop a vaccine.
Vaccines are developed only for very serious illnesses.
Researchers are focusing efforts on an HIV vaccine.
The virus for the common cold has not been identified.
. A patient who has a temperature of 101F (38.3C) most likely requires:
acetaminophen (Tylenol).
increased fluids.
bedrest.
tepid bath.
Why is a lotion without petroleum preferred over a petroleum-based product as a skin
protectant? It:
Prevents microorganisms from adhering to the skin.
Facilitates the absorption of latex proteins through the skin.
Decreases the risk of latex allergies.
Prevents the skin from drying and chaffing.
For which range of time must a nurse wash her hands before working in the operating
room?
1 to 2 minutes
2 to 4 minutes
2 to 6 minutes
6 to 10 minutes
How should the nurse dispose of the breakfast tray of a patient who requires airborne
isolation?
1) Place the tray in a specially marked trash can inside the patients room.
Place the tray in a special isolation bag held by a second healthcare worker at the
2) patients door.
Return the tray with a note to dietary services so it can be cleaned and reused for the
3) next meal.
Carry the tray to an isolation trash receptacle located in the dirty utility room and
4) dispose of it there.
1 . How much liquid soap should the nurse use for effective hand washing? At least:
2 mL
3 mL
6 mL
7 mL
, To assure effectiveness, when should the nurse stop rubbing antiseptic hand
solution over all surfaces of the hands?
When fingers feel sticky
After 5 to 10 seconds
When leaving the clients room
Once fingers and hands feel dry
A patient is admitted to the hospital for chemotherapy and has a low white blood
cell count. Which precaution should the staff take with this patient?
Contact
Protective
Droplet
Airborne
While donning sterile gloves, the nurse notices the edges of the glove package are
slightly yellow. The yellow area is over 1 inch away from the gloves and only appears to be
on the outside of the glove package. What is the best action for the nurse to take at this point?
Continue using the gloves inside the package because the package is intact.
Remove gloves from sterile field and use a new pair of sterile gloves.
Throw all supplies away that were to be used and begin again.
Use the gloves and make sure the yellow edges of the package do not touch the client.
The nurse is removing personal protective equipment (PPE). Which item should
be removed first?
Gown
Gloves
Face shield
Hair covering
A nurse is splashed in the face by body fluid during a procedure. Prioritize the
nurses actions, listing the most important one first.
Contact employee health
Complete an incident report
Wash the exposed area
Report to another nurse that she is leaving the immediate area.
1,2,3,4
2,3,4,1
3,4,1,2
4,1,2,3
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
1. In which situation would using standard precautions be adequate? Select all that apply.
