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BIOD 171 MODULE 2 EXAM WITH ACCURATE
AND VERIFIED QUESTIONS 2025
usable forms of either glucose or a glucose
intermediate (glucose-6phosphate)
Proteases are used to catabolize what?
......answer.....Proteases are used to breakdown
proteins (whereas lipases are used to breakdown
lipids)
Excluding sugars, what are the other sources of
energy? Which is highest in energy?
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......answer.....Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
can all serve as potential energy sources in the
absence of sugar. Lipids are rich in energy, often
having several reduced carbon molecules (high in
hydrogen content) that can be used in both the TCA
and ETC cycles
In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
......answer.....Photosynthesis, the process of
capturing sunlight and converting it into a usable
energy source, occurs in the chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts are double-membrane enclosed
organelles. Each chloroplast contains the green
photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll.
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What are the two main strategies for replenishing
cellular concentrations of NAD+, and when are
these strategies utilized?
......answer.....Fermentation and respiration are the
two strategies used by the cell to convert NADH
(end product of glycolysis) back to NAD+.
Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen
(anaerobic conditions) while respiration occurs
under aerobic (presence of oxygen) conditions.
Notably, respiration is more efficient than
fermentation.
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In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur
where?
......answer.....The process of converting light energy
into chemical energy (photophosphorylation) always
occurs in the membrane. Similar to the electron
transport chain, one of its main functions is to
generate a proton concentration gradient to
generate ATP.
What are the byproducts of light reactions used for
in dark reactions? ......answer.....The ATP and
NADPH produced via light reactions are used in
dark reactions to convert carbon dioxide and water
BIOD 171 MODULE 2 EXAM WITH ACCURATE
AND VERIFIED QUESTIONS 2025
usable forms of either glucose or a glucose
intermediate (glucose-6phosphate)
Proteases are used to catabolize what?
......answer.....Proteases are used to breakdown
proteins (whereas lipases are used to breakdown
lipids)
Excluding sugars, what are the other sources of
energy? Which is highest in energy?
,2|Page
......answer.....Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
can all serve as potential energy sources in the
absence of sugar. Lipids are rich in energy, often
having several reduced carbon molecules (high in
hydrogen content) that can be used in both the TCA
and ETC cycles
In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
......answer.....Photosynthesis, the process of
capturing sunlight and converting it into a usable
energy source, occurs in the chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts are double-membrane enclosed
organelles. Each chloroplast contains the green
photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll.
,3|Page
What are the two main strategies for replenishing
cellular concentrations of NAD+, and when are
these strategies utilized?
......answer.....Fermentation and respiration are the
two strategies used by the cell to convert NADH
(end product of glycolysis) back to NAD+.
Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen
(anaerobic conditions) while respiration occurs
under aerobic (presence of oxygen) conditions.
Notably, respiration is more efficient than
fermentation.
, 4|Page
In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur
where?
......answer.....The process of converting light energy
into chemical energy (photophosphorylation) always
occurs in the membrane. Similar to the electron
transport chain, one of its main functions is to
generate a proton concentration gradient to
generate ATP.
What are the byproducts of light reactions used for
in dark reactions? ......answer.....The ATP and
NADPH produced via light reactions are used in
dark reactions to convert carbon dioxide and water
