2026 ACTUAL EXAM 120 QUESTIONS
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,Properties of water
• Exists as a liquid at most places on Earth's surface
• Expands when it freezes; which is important in the
weathering of rock
• Hydrogen bonding creates surface tension, a "skin" of
molecules giving water a stickiness
quality - surface tension
• Capillarity; water can "climb" up narrow openings. This is
important to the movement of
groundwater.
• Good solvent; water dissolves most substances
• High specific heat; it takes a relatively high amount of
energy to raise the temperature of
water.
Phase Changes and Heat Exchange
Water absorbs or releases energy as it changes from one
state to another.
• IMPORTANT: The heat exchanged between physical
states of water provides more than
30% of the energy that powers the general circulation of
the atmosphere.
, Latent Heat
The heat energy absorbed or released during a phase
change.
Three phases of water
1) Ice: solid phase
2)Water: liquid phase
3)Water Vapor: gas phase
Ice, the solid phase
• Upon freezing water expands in volume and density
(Note: maximum density occurs
while water is still in a liquid phase, at 4°C (39°F)
• The decrease in density manifests itself in the buoyancy
of ice in water
• The increase in volume can damage infrastructure e.g.
roads, pipes and plays an
important role in the weathering (breakdown) of rocks