ACVPM Epidemiology and Biostats 2026/2027 Actual
Exam Newest With Complete Questions And Correct
Detailed Answers| Newest Version!
what are the most common rates for mortality/morbidity
rates? - ANSWER-prevalence, incidence, attack rate, case
fatality rate
how is prevalence different from incidence - ANSWER-
prevalence = proportion of sampled individuals that are
affected at any given point in time
incidence = proportion of individuals in susceptible
population that develop a condition over a period of time
,prevalence represents likelihood of being a case, vs
incidence represents likelihood of becoming a case
what are the three ways to measure prevalence -
ANSWER-within-herd, between-herd, animal level
define attack rate - ANSWER-specifies the proportion of a
defined population affected during an outbreak
(denominator = individual number initially exposed) thus
comparable to incidence
what is the difference between point and period
prevalence? - ANSWER-point is at one time point but
period is over a time period
,what are the two method of measuring incidence? -
ANSWER-1) defined group of susceptible individuals
known as cohort and followed over time 2) recording
number of new events in a dynamic population whose
individuals are at risk for varying periods of time (animal
time at risk instead of number of animals in denominator)
this is called incidence density instead of incidence rate
list the factors that can affect interpretation of prevalence
and incidence - ANSWER-1) temporal sequence
2)disease duration 3) relationship among prevalence,
incidence, avg disease duration 4) true vs apparent
prevalence 5)case definition 6) dangling numerators 7)
population at risk8) crude vs adjusted rates
, what do crude rates such as incidence and attack rate
summarize - ANSWER-they summarize the effects of two
factors 1) subgroup-specific rate 2) subgroup distribution
when do you use adjusted crude rates - ANSWER-when
differences in the distribution of one or more host traits
such as age occur among the groups we wish to compare
(age is a confounding in this case)
how do compute adjusted rates with direct method -
ANSWER-we need 1) subgroup specific rates for each
subgroup 2) standard population (common distribution to
serve as ref group)
Exam Newest With Complete Questions And Correct
Detailed Answers| Newest Version!
what are the most common rates for mortality/morbidity
rates? - ANSWER-prevalence, incidence, attack rate, case
fatality rate
how is prevalence different from incidence - ANSWER-
prevalence = proportion of sampled individuals that are
affected at any given point in time
incidence = proportion of individuals in susceptible
population that develop a condition over a period of time
,prevalence represents likelihood of being a case, vs
incidence represents likelihood of becoming a case
what are the three ways to measure prevalence -
ANSWER-within-herd, between-herd, animal level
define attack rate - ANSWER-specifies the proportion of a
defined population affected during an outbreak
(denominator = individual number initially exposed) thus
comparable to incidence
what is the difference between point and period
prevalence? - ANSWER-point is at one time point but
period is over a time period
,what are the two method of measuring incidence? -
ANSWER-1) defined group of susceptible individuals
known as cohort and followed over time 2) recording
number of new events in a dynamic population whose
individuals are at risk for varying periods of time (animal
time at risk instead of number of animals in denominator)
this is called incidence density instead of incidence rate
list the factors that can affect interpretation of prevalence
and incidence - ANSWER-1) temporal sequence
2)disease duration 3) relationship among prevalence,
incidence, avg disease duration 4) true vs apparent
prevalence 5)case definition 6) dangling numerators 7)
population at risk8) crude vs adjusted rates
, what do crude rates such as incidence and attack rate
summarize - ANSWER-they summarize the effects of two
factors 1) subgroup-specific rate 2) subgroup distribution
when do you use adjusted crude rates - ANSWER-when
differences in the distribution of one or more host traits
such as age occur among the groups we wish to compare
(age is a confounding in this case)
how do compute adjusted rates with direct method -
ANSWER-we need 1) subgroup specific rates for each
subgroup 2) standard population (common distribution to
serve as ref group)
