NR 512 – Health Promotion & Disease
Prevention | Advanced Exam Question Bank 2025/2026
Total: 120 Questions
Level: Advanced / Graduate (Chamberlain-style clinical reasoning)
Format:
Multiple choice
Correct answer clearly indicated
Rationale provided immediately after each correct answer
USPSTF-, CDC-, and evidence-based prevention logic embedded (without citing
sources)
1. A 52-year-old woman with no significant medical history asks about colorectal
cancer screening. Which recommendation reflects best evidence-based practice?
A. Begin screening at age 55 using colonoscopy every 5 years
B. Begin screening at age 50 using annual fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) or colonoscopy
every 10 years
C. Begin screening at age 45 only if there is a family history
D. Begin screening at age 60 using sigmoidoscopy every 10 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Average-risk adults should begin colorectal cancer screening at age 50 (now often 45 in updated
guidance), using either annual FIT or colonoscopy every 10 years. Option B reflects accepted
screening intervals and methods.
2. Which intervention provides the greatest reduction in cardiovascular disease
risk for a middle-aged adult with metabolic syndrome?
A. Initiating statin therapy alone
B. Weight loss of 5–10% with dietary modification
C. Daily aspirin therapy
D. Vitamin supplementation
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale:
Lifestyle modification, particularly modest sustained weight loss, significantly improves insulin
sensitivity, lipid levels, and blood pressure, reducing overall cardiovascular risk more effectively
than isolated pharmacologic interventions.
3. A 26-year-old sexually active female presents for a wellness visit. Which
screening is most appropriate?
A. Mammography
B. Colonoscopy
C. Cervical cytology every 3 years
D. HPV testing alone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Women aged 21–29 should undergo cervical cytology every 3 years. HPV testing alone is not
recommended as primary screening in this age group.
4. Which population benefits most from lung cancer screening with low-dose
CT?
A. Adults aged 40–55 with asthma
B. Adults aged 50–80 with a 20 pack-year smoking history who currently smoke or quit within
15 years
C. Adults aged 60–75 with secondhand smoke exposure
D. Adults aged 45–65 with occupational dust exposure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Low-dose CT screening is recommended for high-risk individuals based on age and smoking
history, as this population demonstrates mortality benefit.
5. A nurse practitioner counsels a patient on osteoporosis prevention. Which
intervention has the strongest evidence?
A. Calcium supplementation alone
B. Weight-bearing exercise and vitamin D optimization
,C. Hormone replacement therapy for all postmenopausal women
D. High-protein diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Weight-bearing exercise combined with adequate vitamin D improves bone density and reduces
fracture risk. Calcium alone is insufficient.
6. Which patient should receive hepatitis B vaccination?
A. A 65-year-old retired teacher
B. A 30-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus
C. A 45-year-old patient with controlled hypertension
D. A 22-year-old with seasonal allergies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Adults with diabetes have increased risk of hepatitis B due to potential blood exposure during
glucose monitoring and are recommended for vaccination.
7. Which factor most strongly predicts poor adherence to preventive health
recommendations?
A. Age
B. Health literacy
C. Gender
D. Employment status
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Low health literacy significantly impacts understanding, engagement, and adherence to
preventive care and screening guidelines.
8. A patient asks about aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Which statement is most accurate?
, A. Aspirin is recommended for all adults over age 50
B. Benefits outweigh risks in most low-risk adults
C. Use should be individualized based on bleeding risk and cardiovascular risk
D. Aspirin prevents stroke in all populations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Current guidance emphasizes individualized risk assessment due to bleeding risk associated with
aspirin therapy.
9. Which screening test reduces mortality through early detection rather than
risk factor modification?
A. Blood pressure screening
B. Lipid panel
C. Mammography
D. Diabetes screening
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Mammography reduces mortality through early detection of malignancy rather than prevention
of disease development.
10. Which social determinant has the greatest impact on long-term health
outcomes?
A. Genetics
B. Access to transportation
C. Education level
D. Acute illness history
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Education level strongly correlates with health literacy, income, health behaviors, and access to
care, making it a major determinant of health outcomes.
Prevention | Advanced Exam Question Bank 2025/2026
Total: 120 Questions
Level: Advanced / Graduate (Chamberlain-style clinical reasoning)
Format:
Multiple choice
Correct answer clearly indicated
Rationale provided immediately after each correct answer
USPSTF-, CDC-, and evidence-based prevention logic embedded (without citing
sources)
1. A 52-year-old woman with no significant medical history asks about colorectal
cancer screening. Which recommendation reflects best evidence-based practice?
A. Begin screening at age 55 using colonoscopy every 5 years
B. Begin screening at age 50 using annual fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) or colonoscopy
every 10 years
C. Begin screening at age 45 only if there is a family history
D. Begin screening at age 60 using sigmoidoscopy every 10 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Average-risk adults should begin colorectal cancer screening at age 50 (now often 45 in updated
guidance), using either annual FIT or colonoscopy every 10 years. Option B reflects accepted
screening intervals and methods.
2. Which intervention provides the greatest reduction in cardiovascular disease
risk for a middle-aged adult with metabolic syndrome?
A. Initiating statin therapy alone
B. Weight loss of 5–10% with dietary modification
C. Daily aspirin therapy
D. Vitamin supplementation
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale:
Lifestyle modification, particularly modest sustained weight loss, significantly improves insulin
sensitivity, lipid levels, and blood pressure, reducing overall cardiovascular risk more effectively
than isolated pharmacologic interventions.
3. A 26-year-old sexually active female presents for a wellness visit. Which
screening is most appropriate?
A. Mammography
B. Colonoscopy
C. Cervical cytology every 3 years
D. HPV testing alone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Women aged 21–29 should undergo cervical cytology every 3 years. HPV testing alone is not
recommended as primary screening in this age group.
4. Which population benefits most from lung cancer screening with low-dose
CT?
A. Adults aged 40–55 with asthma
B. Adults aged 50–80 with a 20 pack-year smoking history who currently smoke or quit within
15 years
C. Adults aged 60–75 with secondhand smoke exposure
D. Adults aged 45–65 with occupational dust exposure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Low-dose CT screening is recommended for high-risk individuals based on age and smoking
history, as this population demonstrates mortality benefit.
5. A nurse practitioner counsels a patient on osteoporosis prevention. Which
intervention has the strongest evidence?
A. Calcium supplementation alone
B. Weight-bearing exercise and vitamin D optimization
,C. Hormone replacement therapy for all postmenopausal women
D. High-protein diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Weight-bearing exercise combined with adequate vitamin D improves bone density and reduces
fracture risk. Calcium alone is insufficient.
6. Which patient should receive hepatitis B vaccination?
A. A 65-year-old retired teacher
B. A 30-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus
C. A 45-year-old patient with controlled hypertension
D. A 22-year-old with seasonal allergies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Adults with diabetes have increased risk of hepatitis B due to potential blood exposure during
glucose monitoring and are recommended for vaccination.
7. Which factor most strongly predicts poor adherence to preventive health
recommendations?
A. Age
B. Health literacy
C. Gender
D. Employment status
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Low health literacy significantly impacts understanding, engagement, and adherence to
preventive care and screening guidelines.
8. A patient asks about aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Which statement is most accurate?
, A. Aspirin is recommended for all adults over age 50
B. Benefits outweigh risks in most low-risk adults
C. Use should be individualized based on bleeding risk and cardiovascular risk
D. Aspirin prevents stroke in all populations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Current guidance emphasizes individualized risk assessment due to bleeding risk associated with
aspirin therapy.
9. Which screening test reduces mortality through early detection rather than
risk factor modification?
A. Blood pressure screening
B. Lipid panel
C. Mammography
D. Diabetes screening
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Mammography reduces mortality through early detection of malignancy rather than prevention
of disease development.
10. Which social determinant has the greatest impact on long-term health
outcomes?
A. Genetics
B. Access to transportation
C. Education level
D. Acute illness history
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Education level strongly correlates with health literacy, income, health behaviors, and access to
care, making it a major determinant of health outcomes.
