Summary Principles of Inheritance and Variation – Genetics & Evolution Unit Biology Notes with Mendelian Laws, Chromosomal Theory, and Genetic Disorders

These handwritten notes cover the principles of inheritance and variation from the Genetics and Evolution unit, including key terminology such as genes, alleles, genotype, and phenotype. The material explains Mendel’s experiments with pea plants, laws of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment, supported by Punnett square examples and genetic ratios. The document also includes topics such as incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic inheritance, chromosomal theory of inheritance, linkage and mapping, sex determination systems, mutations, pedigree analysis, and genetic disorders like colour blindness. Diagrams and genetic crosses illustrated throughout the pages help explain inheritance patterns and chromosome behavior.