NR 509 – Advanced Physical Assessment |
Questions and answers | 2025/2026 | Instant
Download !!
1. During cardiac auscultation, an S3 heart sound in an adult MOST commonly
indicates:
A. Normal ventricular filling
B. Increased atrial contraction
C. Ventricular volume overload
D. Mitral valve stenosis
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
An S3 reflects rapid ventricular filling into a dilated ventricle, commonly associated with heart
failure or volume overload in adults.
2. Which physical assessment finding is MOST suggestive of left-sided heart
failure?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Jugular venous distention
C. Pulmonary crackles
D. Hepatomegaly
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Left-sided failure causes pulmonary congestion, producing crackles due to alveolar fluid
accumulation.
3. When performing percussion of the lungs, dullness MOST likely indicates:
A. Pneumothorax
B. Normal lung tissue
C. Consolidation
D. Hyperinflation
,✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Fluid or solid tissue (e.g., pneumonia) transmits sound poorly, producing dull percussion tones.
4. Which assessment maneuver BEST differentiates systolic from diastolic
murmurs?
A. Patient positioning
B. Palpation of the carotid pulse
C. Auscultation at multiple locations
D. Respiratory variation
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Systolic murmurs occur simultaneously with the carotid pulse.
5. Which cranial nerve deficit results in impaired shoulder shrug?
A. CN IX
B. CN X
C. CN XI
D. CN XII
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
6. A positive Murphy sign during abdominal examination suggests:
A. Appendicitis
B. Pancreatitis
C. Cholecystitis
D. Splenomegaly
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Pain and inspiratory arrest during right upper quadrant palpation indicates gallbladder
inflammation.
,7. Which finding is MOST consistent with peripheral arterial disease?
A. Warm extremities
B. Bounding pulses
C. Hair loss on lower legs
D. Dependent edema
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Chronic ischemia causes trophic skin changes, including hair loss.
8. Which lung sound is described as high-pitched and musical?
A. Crackles
B. Rhonchi
C. Wheezes
D. Pleural rub
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Wheezes result from airflow through narrowed airways.
9. Which abdominal assessment finding suggests ascites?
A. Rebound tenderness
B. Fluid wave
C. Guarding
D. Rovsing sign
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A fluid wave indicates free fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
10. Which pupillary finding is considered abnormal?
A. Equal size
B. Round shape
, C. Reactive to light
D. Sluggish constriction
✅ Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Normal pupils constrict briskly to light.
11. Which maneuver BEST assesses meniscal injury of the knee?
A. Lachman test
B. Anterior drawer test
C. McMurray test
D. Ballottement
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The McMurray test evaluates meniscal integrity.
12. Which neurologic finding suggests an upper motor neuron lesion?
A. Flaccidity
B. Hyporeflexia
C. Fasciculations
D. Hyperreflexia
✅ Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Upper motor neuron lesions increase reflex responses.
13. When assessing the thyroid, a bruit suggests:
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Thyroid malignancy
C. Increased vascularity
D. Goiter regression
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
A bruit reflects increased blood flow, often seen in hyperthyroidism.
Questions and answers | 2025/2026 | Instant
Download !!
1. During cardiac auscultation, an S3 heart sound in an adult MOST commonly
indicates:
A. Normal ventricular filling
B. Increased atrial contraction
C. Ventricular volume overload
D. Mitral valve stenosis
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
An S3 reflects rapid ventricular filling into a dilated ventricle, commonly associated with heart
failure or volume overload in adults.
2. Which physical assessment finding is MOST suggestive of left-sided heart
failure?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Jugular venous distention
C. Pulmonary crackles
D. Hepatomegaly
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Left-sided failure causes pulmonary congestion, producing crackles due to alveolar fluid
accumulation.
3. When performing percussion of the lungs, dullness MOST likely indicates:
A. Pneumothorax
B. Normal lung tissue
C. Consolidation
D. Hyperinflation
,✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Fluid or solid tissue (e.g., pneumonia) transmits sound poorly, producing dull percussion tones.
4. Which assessment maneuver BEST differentiates systolic from diastolic
murmurs?
A. Patient positioning
B. Palpation of the carotid pulse
C. Auscultation at multiple locations
D. Respiratory variation
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Systolic murmurs occur simultaneously with the carotid pulse.
5. Which cranial nerve deficit results in impaired shoulder shrug?
A. CN IX
B. CN X
C. CN XI
D. CN XII
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
6. A positive Murphy sign during abdominal examination suggests:
A. Appendicitis
B. Pancreatitis
C. Cholecystitis
D. Splenomegaly
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Pain and inspiratory arrest during right upper quadrant palpation indicates gallbladder
inflammation.
,7. Which finding is MOST consistent with peripheral arterial disease?
A. Warm extremities
B. Bounding pulses
C. Hair loss on lower legs
D. Dependent edema
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Chronic ischemia causes trophic skin changes, including hair loss.
8. Which lung sound is described as high-pitched and musical?
A. Crackles
B. Rhonchi
C. Wheezes
D. Pleural rub
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Wheezes result from airflow through narrowed airways.
9. Which abdominal assessment finding suggests ascites?
A. Rebound tenderness
B. Fluid wave
C. Guarding
D. Rovsing sign
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A fluid wave indicates free fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
10. Which pupillary finding is considered abnormal?
A. Equal size
B. Round shape
, C. Reactive to light
D. Sluggish constriction
✅ Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Normal pupils constrict briskly to light.
11. Which maneuver BEST assesses meniscal injury of the knee?
A. Lachman test
B. Anterior drawer test
C. McMurray test
D. Ballottement
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The McMurray test evaluates meniscal integrity.
12. Which neurologic finding suggests an upper motor neuron lesion?
A. Flaccidity
B. Hyporeflexia
C. Fasciculations
D. Hyperreflexia
✅ Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Upper motor neuron lesions increase reflex responses.
13. When assessing the thyroid, a bruit suggests:
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Thyroid malignancy
C. Increased vascularity
D. Goiter regression
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
A bruit reflects increased blood flow, often seen in hyperthyroidism.
