CITP EXAM 3 with verified detailed solutions || || || || || ||
Recognize when the fourth amendment applies to government actions - ✔✔1. Whether the
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government knows or acquiesce in the private actor's conduct || || || || || || || ||
2. whether the private party intents to assist law enforcement officers at the time of the search
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3. whether the government affirmatively encourages, initiates, or participates in the private
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action
Identify situations when a reasonable expectation of privacy exists - ✔✔>The individual
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must have exhibited an actual expectation of privacy
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>The expectation must be one the society (as determined by the Supreme Court) is prepared
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to recognize as reasonable
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Common search areas without REP - ✔✔the body (except inside the body)
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passengers do not have REP but their stuff does || || || || || || || ||
Open Fields even if there are 'no trespassing signs'
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Government workplaces - REP could exist depending on prior notice (computer banners of
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limited or no REP), common practices, openness and accessibility of the area, whether the
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position of the employee requires special trust and confidence, whether the employee waived
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REP through bargaining process
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>Abandoned Property ||
Methods and Devices for searches - ✔✔>Canine Sniffs - luggage in a public space has no REP
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>Sensory Enhancements - use of lights at night does not create a 'search' if otherwise visible
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in daylight; thermal imaging would be considered a search
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>Aircraft Overflights - what is visible to the naked eye does not have REP
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>Cell Site Location Information - conversations do not have REP when using naked ears
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,Identify actions that may be taken when reasonable suspicion exists - ✔✔1. a consensual
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encounter
2. Investigative detention
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3. Terry Frisk
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a consensual encounter - ✔✔a hunch or mere suspicion (not a seizure)
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brief voluntary encounter between a law enforcement officer and an individual
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an officer may ask questions even incriminating ones
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the officer may request (not demand) to see ID
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the officer may ID him/herself and display credentials
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the officer may seek consent for a search or frisk
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investigative detentions - ✔✔Reasonable suspicion criminal activity is afoot || || || || || || || ||
1. reasonable suspicion - could be collective knowledge from other LEOs; personal
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observations; quality or quantity of a tip || || || || || ||
2. criminal activity is afoot - crime is about to be/has been/is being committed
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whats a terry frisk - ✔✔RSPAAD || || || || ||
detention ||
the officer must reasonably suspect that the person is presently armed and dangerous
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plain touch doctrine to seize evidence - discovery must be lawful; item must be immediately
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apparent to the officer without manipulation || || || || ||
frisks of vehicles can be unlocked containers/entire passenger compartment cannot frisk the
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trunk
arrest can happen if - ✔✔PC exists
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, radicalization - ✔✔process by which individuals come to believe that their engagement in or
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facilitation
extremist movement - ✔✔consists of individuals working together to advance their shared
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political, social, or artistic ideas/following an extremist ideology without an organization
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Violent Extremists - ✔✔individuals mobilized to plan, support, and conduct violent illegal
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behavior in furtherance of their extremist ideology
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Domestic Violent Extremist - ✔✔AKA Domestic Terrorist
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A U.S.based individual, who has radicalized to a domestic extremist belief in the U.S.,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
whether a follower or member of a movement or group without inspiration, influence, or
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direction from any FTO, and who has "mobilized" by planning and preparing to support or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
conduct violent illegal behavior in furtherance of their extremist ideology
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Homegrown violent extremist - ✔✔a person of an citizenship who lives or operates primarily
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in the US or its territories
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who: advocates, engages in, or is preparing to engage in or support terrorist activities in
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furtherance of a foreign terrorist organization's objectives; who is acting independently of
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foreign terrorist direction.
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HVE Foreign Fighter - ✔✔a person of any citizenship who lives or operates primarily in the
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US or its territories who advocates and is preparing to engage in or support terrorist activities
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in furtherance of a foreign terrorist orgs
|| || || || || ||
Lone Offender - ✔✔An individual motivated by one or more extremist ideologies, who
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
operates alone to support or engaged in acts of unlawful violence in furtherance of that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
ideology or ideologies || ||
Recognize when the fourth amendment applies to government actions - ✔✔1. Whether the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
government knows or acquiesce in the private actor's conduct || || || || || || || ||
2. whether the private party intents to assist law enforcement officers at the time of the search
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
3. whether the government affirmatively encourages, initiates, or participates in the private
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
action
Identify situations when a reasonable expectation of privacy exists - ✔✔>The individual
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
must have exhibited an actual expectation of privacy
|| || || || || || ||
>The expectation must be one the society (as determined by the Supreme Court) is prepared
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to recognize as reasonable
|| || ||
Common search areas without REP - ✔✔the body (except inside the body)
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
passengers do not have REP but their stuff does || || || || || || || ||
Open Fields even if there are 'no trespassing signs'
|| || || || || || || ||
Government workplaces - REP could exist depending on prior notice (computer banners of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
limited or no REP), common practices, openness and accessibility of the area, whether the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
position of the employee requires special trust and confidence, whether the employee waived
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
REP through bargaining process
|| || ||
>Abandoned Property ||
Methods and Devices for searches - ✔✔>Canine Sniffs - luggage in a public space has no REP
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
>Sensory Enhancements - use of lights at night does not create a 'search' if otherwise visible
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in daylight; thermal imaging would be considered a search
|| || || || || || || ||
>Aircraft Overflights - what is visible to the naked eye does not have REP
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
>Cell Site Location Information - conversations do not have REP when using naked ears
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
,Identify actions that may be taken when reasonable suspicion exists - ✔✔1. a consensual
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
encounter
2. Investigative detention
|| ||
3. Terry Frisk
|| ||
a consensual encounter - ✔✔a hunch or mere suspicion (not a seizure)
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
brief voluntary encounter between a law enforcement officer and an individual
|| || || || || || || || || ||
an officer may ask questions even incriminating ones
|| || || || || || ||
the officer may request (not demand) to see ID
|| || || || || || || ||
the officer may ID him/herself and display credentials
|| || || || || || ||
the officer may seek consent for a search or frisk
|| || || || || || || || ||
investigative detentions - ✔✔Reasonable suspicion criminal activity is afoot || || || || || || || ||
1. reasonable suspicion - could be collective knowledge from other LEOs; personal
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
observations; quality or quantity of a tip || || || || || ||
2. criminal activity is afoot - crime is about to be/has been/is being committed
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
whats a terry frisk - ✔✔RSPAAD || || || || ||
detention ||
the officer must reasonably suspect that the person is presently armed and dangerous
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
plain touch doctrine to seize evidence - discovery must be lawful; item must be immediately
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
apparent to the officer without manipulation || || || || ||
frisks of vehicles can be unlocked containers/entire passenger compartment cannot frisk the
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
trunk
arrest can happen if - ✔✔PC exists
|| || || || || ||
, radicalization - ✔✔process by which individuals come to believe that their engagement in or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
facilitation
extremist movement - ✔✔consists of individuals working together to advance their shared
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
political, social, or artistic ideas/following an extremist ideology without an organization
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Violent Extremists - ✔✔individuals mobilized to plan, support, and conduct violent illegal
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
behavior in furtherance of their extremist ideology
|| || || || || ||
Domestic Violent Extremist - ✔✔AKA Domestic Terrorist
|| || || || || || ||
A U.S.based individual, who has radicalized to a domestic extremist belief in the U.S.,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
whether a follower or member of a movement or group without inspiration, influence, or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
direction from any FTO, and who has "mobilized" by planning and preparing to support or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
conduct violent illegal behavior in furtherance of their extremist ideology
|| || || || || || || || ||
Homegrown violent extremist - ✔✔a person of an citizenship who lives or operates primarily
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in the US or its territories
|| || || || ||
who: advocates, engages in, or is preparing to engage in or support terrorist activities in
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
furtherance of a foreign terrorist organization's objectives; who is acting independently of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
foreign terrorist direction.
|| ||
HVE Foreign Fighter - ✔✔a person of any citizenship who lives or operates primarily in the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
US or its territories who advocates and is preparing to engage in or support terrorist activities
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in furtherance of a foreign terrorist orgs
|| || || || || ||
Lone Offender - ✔✔An individual motivated by one or more extremist ideologies, who
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
operates alone to support or engaged in acts of unlawful violence in furtherance of that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
ideology or ideologies || ||
