NURS 7950 ATI RENAL MC FINAL PAPER 2026
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Preprocedure. Answer: Live kidney donar blood can be
transfused; dialysis within 24 hrs; Lbas; Prophylactic antibiotics;
Immunosuppressants (corticosteroids; cyclosporine/ azathioprine;
Everolimus--> prevents activation of B cells or T cells to prevent
rejection of donor kidney; Monoclonal antibodies- basiliximab or
davlizumab bind with T cells to prevent rejection of donor kidney
◉ Postprocedure. Answer: Vitals q15 then q 1hour; I&Os >30
ml/hour; daily urinalysis; daily weight; fluid and electrolyte
imbalances (hypovolemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia); monitor for
infection, organ rejection, Assess site; Fluids; Bladder irrigation -
remove cath; Monitor for excessive diuresis; Administer
immunosuppressants; Stool softeners
Diet- low fat, high fiber and protein; restrict sodium
◉ Transplant Complications. Answer: Organ Rejection- Hyperacute
(within 48 hours)- antibody mediated response- small blood clots
form that occlude vessels and result in destruction (FEVER, HTN,
Pain)-- remove
Acute (1 week - 2 years)- antibody response causing vasculitis in
kidney-- cellular destruction with inflammation (Oliguria, anuria,
, low grade fever, HTN, tenderness, lethargy, azotemia, fluid
retention)-- increased dose of immunosuppressives
Chronic (Gradually over months and years)- blood vessel injury from
overgrowth of smooth muscles of blood vessels causing fibrotic
tissue to replace normal (Gradual azotemia, fluid retention,
electrolyte imbalance, fatigue)-- conservative until dialysis
Ischemia- to donor kidney; dialysis may be needed until donor
kidney heals
Renal artery stenosis- scarring of surgical anastomosis; monitor for
HTN, bruit over artery, decreased kidney function- monitor for
peripheral edema; potential angioplasty
Thrombosis- blood clot in major vessel; monitor for sudden
decrease in urine output; emergency surgery
Infection-early manifestations difficult with immunosuppressive
therapy; monitor!!!
◉ Acute Kidney Injury
Phases. Answer: Onset- beginning of event, ends when oliguria
develops; hours to days
Oliguria- urine output is 100-400 ml/hr; lasts 1-3 weeks
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Preprocedure. Answer: Live kidney donar blood can be
transfused; dialysis within 24 hrs; Lbas; Prophylactic antibiotics;
Immunosuppressants (corticosteroids; cyclosporine/ azathioprine;
Everolimus--> prevents activation of B cells or T cells to prevent
rejection of donor kidney; Monoclonal antibodies- basiliximab or
davlizumab bind with T cells to prevent rejection of donor kidney
◉ Postprocedure. Answer: Vitals q15 then q 1hour; I&Os >30
ml/hour; daily urinalysis; daily weight; fluid and electrolyte
imbalances (hypovolemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia); monitor for
infection, organ rejection, Assess site; Fluids; Bladder irrigation -
remove cath; Monitor for excessive diuresis; Administer
immunosuppressants; Stool softeners
Diet- low fat, high fiber and protein; restrict sodium
◉ Transplant Complications. Answer: Organ Rejection- Hyperacute
(within 48 hours)- antibody mediated response- small blood clots
form that occlude vessels and result in destruction (FEVER, HTN,
Pain)-- remove
Acute (1 week - 2 years)- antibody response causing vasculitis in
kidney-- cellular destruction with inflammation (Oliguria, anuria,
, low grade fever, HTN, tenderness, lethargy, azotemia, fluid
retention)-- increased dose of immunosuppressives
Chronic (Gradually over months and years)- blood vessel injury from
overgrowth of smooth muscles of blood vessels causing fibrotic
tissue to replace normal (Gradual azotemia, fluid retention,
electrolyte imbalance, fatigue)-- conservative until dialysis
Ischemia- to donor kidney; dialysis may be needed until donor
kidney heals
Renal artery stenosis- scarring of surgical anastomosis; monitor for
HTN, bruit over artery, decreased kidney function- monitor for
peripheral edema; potential angioplasty
Thrombosis- blood clot in major vessel; monitor for sudden
decrease in urine output; emergency surgery
Infection-early manifestations difficult with immunosuppressive
therapy; monitor!!!
◉ Acute Kidney Injury
Phases. Answer: Onset- beginning of event, ends when oliguria
develops; hours to days
Oliguria- urine output is 100-400 ml/hr; lasts 1-3 weeks
