NEWLY UPDATED NSG 3500 EXAM 4 WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS PROFESSOR VERIFIED
Fontanelles should be soft and flat. A bulging fontanelle is
a sign of what condition? What about sunken fontanelles?
- answer-Increased ICP
Dehydration
What are Epstein pearls? - answer-Small white cysts
found on the hard palate of newborns. Disappears within a
few weeks.
When is the APGAR score assigned? - answer-At 1 and 5
minutes after birth
What are the five categories of the APGAR score? -
answer-1. HR
2. RR
3. muscle tone
,4. reflex irritability (cry)
5. generalized skin color (coloring)
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more
important to stabilize the infant than keep them with mom.
T/F? - answer-True
What does each APGAR score mean? - answer->7 =
normal
4-6 = low
<3 = critical
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first
breath? - answer-Chemical factors: hypercarbia, acidosis,
and hypoxia
Sensory factors: overwhelming stimuli aids in transition
Thermal factors: drastic change in temp aids in transition
Mechanical factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes
fluid release and replacement with air
,Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger
respirations? - answer-- hypoxia causes blood oxygen
(PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
- carbon dioxide levels (PCO2) begin to rise and prompt
the resp center within the medulla to initiate breathing
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated
with any change in skin color or HR. How long are these
pauses? - answer-5-15 seconds (approx 3 seconds is
norm? P. 298)
What are indicators of respiratory difficulties in the
newborn? - answer-- apnea (no breathing for more than
20 seconds)
- expiratory grunting
- wheezing
- nasal flaring
- retractions
- use of accessory muscles to breathe when at rest
- high RR
, What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary
adaptation? - answer-- increased aortic pressure
- decreased venous pressure
- increased systemic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
- closure of foramen ovale, DA, and DV
What is the HR when baby is first born? - answer-160-180
and then 30 min later it goes to 120-160
The baby cannot become hypoglycemic from heat loss.
T/F? - answer-False.
How do newborns respond to cold? - answer-They burn
brown adipose tissue since they cannot shiver to maintain
warmth
VERIFIED ANSWERS PROFESSOR VERIFIED
Fontanelles should be soft and flat. A bulging fontanelle is
a sign of what condition? What about sunken fontanelles?
- answer-Increased ICP
Dehydration
What are Epstein pearls? - answer-Small white cysts
found on the hard palate of newborns. Disappears within a
few weeks.
When is the APGAR score assigned? - answer-At 1 and 5
minutes after birth
What are the five categories of the APGAR score? -
answer-1. HR
2. RR
3. muscle tone
,4. reflex irritability (cry)
5. generalized skin color (coloring)
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more
important to stabilize the infant than keep them with mom.
T/F? - answer-True
What does each APGAR score mean? - answer->7 =
normal
4-6 = low
<3 = critical
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first
breath? - answer-Chemical factors: hypercarbia, acidosis,
and hypoxia
Sensory factors: overwhelming stimuli aids in transition
Thermal factors: drastic change in temp aids in transition
Mechanical factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes
fluid release and replacement with air
,Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger
respirations? - answer-- hypoxia causes blood oxygen
(PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
- carbon dioxide levels (PCO2) begin to rise and prompt
the resp center within the medulla to initiate breathing
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated
with any change in skin color or HR. How long are these
pauses? - answer-5-15 seconds (approx 3 seconds is
norm? P. 298)
What are indicators of respiratory difficulties in the
newborn? - answer-- apnea (no breathing for more than
20 seconds)
- expiratory grunting
- wheezing
- nasal flaring
- retractions
- use of accessory muscles to breathe when at rest
- high RR
, What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary
adaptation? - answer-- increased aortic pressure
- decreased venous pressure
- increased systemic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
- closure of foramen ovale, DA, and DV
What is the HR when baby is first born? - answer-160-180
and then 30 min later it goes to 120-160
The baby cannot become hypoglycemic from heat loss.
T/F? - answer-False.
How do newborns respond to cold? - answer-They burn
brown adipose tissue since they cannot shiver to maintain
warmth
