Reading and Language Arts Praxis II
5002
Phonological Awareness - answer understanding of how sounds, syllables, words, and
word parts can be orally manipulated to break apart words, make new sounds and
create rhymes
Phonemic awareness - answer a type of phonological awareness; an understanding of
how phonemes form a language by creating differences in the meanings of words
*can be done in the dark, does not need physical letters.
*is the latter part of the developmental sequence that contributes to a strong foundation.
Phoneme - answer the smallest unit of sound. There are 44 different sounds in the
English language.
Phoneme Blending - answer combining phonemes to make a word /m/ /a/ /t/ combines
to creat the word mat
Phoneme Substitution - answersubstitute one phoneme for another to make a new
word.
phoneme segmentation - answerseparating phonemes in words mat /m/ /a/ /t/
Phoneme deletion - answerremoving phonemes from words to make new words
removing /m/ from mat to make the word at.
syllable - answeran uninterrupted segment of speech that includes a vowel sound
Onset - answerthe part of a syllable that comes before the vowel
rime - answerthe part of the syllable that begins with the vowel
Phonics - answerThe study of the relationships between letters and the sounds they
represent; also used to describe reading instruction that teaches sound-symbol
correspondences.
Alphabetic Principle - answeran understanding that letters and letter patterns represent
the sounds of spoken words.
decoding - answerability to read a word using sound-symbol correspondence.
sight words - answerwords known by sight (no decoding necessary)
, High Frequency words - answerA small group of words (300-500) that account for a
large percentage of the words in print and can be regular or irregular words. Often not
decodable the, because.
Decodable Words - answerWords containing phonic elements that were previously
taught. sat, with, note.
Structural Analysis - answerthe process of using familiar word parts (base words,
prefixes, and suffixes) to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Affixes - answerparts added to the beginning (prefix) or end (suffix) of a root word to
create new words.
Root words - answerMain part of the word that provides the word's basic meaning also
known as 'base words'.
world that cannot be divided further
Prefix - answera syllable or word that comes before a root word to change its meaning
Suffix - answeran affix that is added at the end of the word
5 levels of language proficiency - answerL1) entering, L2) beginning, L3) developing,
L4) expanding, and L5) bridging
Preproduction Stage - answerThe silent stage where the student is absorbing new
input.
Responds nonverbally to instruction, constructing meaning primarily from illustrations,
graphs, and charts or visual cues.
May have close to 500 words in their receptive vocabulary.
May repeat back what they have heard in a process referred to as parroting.
Linked with L1 - Entering - Student rarely uses English to communicate.
Early Production Stage - answerThe student understands and uses roughly 1,000
words.
Now can produce a single word or two- to three- word phrases and can respond to
questions and statements.
Linked with L2 - Beginning - student can communicate basic information in a limited
manner but exhibits a number of predicatble errors.
Speech Emergence Stage - answerA student begins to speak more clearly and
accurately and increase their spoken language
Have a vocabulary of 3000 words.
5002
Phonological Awareness - answer understanding of how sounds, syllables, words, and
word parts can be orally manipulated to break apart words, make new sounds and
create rhymes
Phonemic awareness - answer a type of phonological awareness; an understanding of
how phonemes form a language by creating differences in the meanings of words
*can be done in the dark, does not need physical letters.
*is the latter part of the developmental sequence that contributes to a strong foundation.
Phoneme - answer the smallest unit of sound. There are 44 different sounds in the
English language.
Phoneme Blending - answer combining phonemes to make a word /m/ /a/ /t/ combines
to creat the word mat
Phoneme Substitution - answersubstitute one phoneme for another to make a new
word.
phoneme segmentation - answerseparating phonemes in words mat /m/ /a/ /t/
Phoneme deletion - answerremoving phonemes from words to make new words
removing /m/ from mat to make the word at.
syllable - answeran uninterrupted segment of speech that includes a vowel sound
Onset - answerthe part of a syllable that comes before the vowel
rime - answerthe part of the syllable that begins with the vowel
Phonics - answerThe study of the relationships between letters and the sounds they
represent; also used to describe reading instruction that teaches sound-symbol
correspondences.
Alphabetic Principle - answeran understanding that letters and letter patterns represent
the sounds of spoken words.
decoding - answerability to read a word using sound-symbol correspondence.
sight words - answerwords known by sight (no decoding necessary)
, High Frequency words - answerA small group of words (300-500) that account for a
large percentage of the words in print and can be regular or irregular words. Often not
decodable the, because.
Decodable Words - answerWords containing phonic elements that were previously
taught. sat, with, note.
Structural Analysis - answerthe process of using familiar word parts (base words,
prefixes, and suffixes) to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Affixes - answerparts added to the beginning (prefix) or end (suffix) of a root word to
create new words.
Root words - answerMain part of the word that provides the word's basic meaning also
known as 'base words'.
world that cannot be divided further
Prefix - answera syllable or word that comes before a root word to change its meaning
Suffix - answeran affix that is added at the end of the word
5 levels of language proficiency - answerL1) entering, L2) beginning, L3) developing,
L4) expanding, and L5) bridging
Preproduction Stage - answerThe silent stage where the student is absorbing new
input.
Responds nonverbally to instruction, constructing meaning primarily from illustrations,
graphs, and charts or visual cues.
May have close to 500 words in their receptive vocabulary.
May repeat back what they have heard in a process referred to as parroting.
Linked with L1 - Entering - Student rarely uses English to communicate.
Early Production Stage - answerThe student understands and uses roughly 1,000
words.
Now can produce a single word or two- to three- word phrases and can respond to
questions and statements.
Linked with L2 - Beginning - student can communicate basic information in a limited
manner but exhibits a number of predicatble errors.
Speech Emergence Stage - answerA student begins to speak more clearly and
accurately and increase their spoken language
Have a vocabulary of 3000 words.
