NUR 265 Exam 2 || with Errorless Answers.
SPEC correct answers Stable vs Unstable
Potential vs Real
Expected vs Unexpected
Chronic vs Acute
ABGs correct answers PaO2: 80-100
PaCO2: 35-45
SaO2: 90-100
HCO3: 22-28
pH: 7.35-7.45
oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve correct answers - shifts affected by body temp, pH, and CO2
- ABG most specific
V/Q mismatch correct answers V= Ventilation
Q= Perfusion
Normal V/Q= 1mL of air= 1mL of blood
Pulmonary Embolism correct answers Causes: Surgery, smoking, BC, pregnancy, immobility,
INFECTION
Sxs: sudden dyspnea, restlessness, impending doom, diaphoresis, hemoptysis, crackles
,Tx: O2, high fowlers, assess resp status (30 mins), assess cardiac status, labs, anticoagulants,
bleeding precautions
Complications: obstructive shock
*CALL RRT*
*RESP. ALK --> ACID---> MET ACID*
*D-DIMER (500)*
PE Medications correct answers - Heparin
- Lovenox (enoxaprin)
- Coumadin (warfarin)
- Arixtra (fondaparinux)
- Xarelto (rivaroxaban)
- tPa
Prevention of PE correct answers • Passive, active ROM; ambulate soon after surgery
• Change position every 2 hours
• Anti-embolism stockings (SCD's)
• Avoid tight garters, girdles, constricting clothing
• No pillows under knees
• Comprehensive peripheral circulatory assessment
• Elevate affected limb 20 degrees above heart
• No massaging or compressing leg muscles
• Do not cross legs
• Prophylactic low dose anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs
, HIT correct answers heparin induced thrombocytopenia
- dec in platelets
- monitor PTT, CBC
Acute Respiratory Failure correct answers Cause: PE, infection, V/Q mismatch
Sxs: Resp Acidosis, dyspnea, dec O2, tachycardia, tachypnea
Tx: oxygen, sit them up, bipap, bronchodilators, steroid, turn, inc fluids, postural drainage,
PaO2: <60
PaCO2: >45
SaO2: <90
*when resp slow down--> respiratory arrest*
ARDs correct answers caused by acute lung injury
- trauma, shock, infection, aspiration
Sxs: SOB, dec BP, pulm edema, retractions, change in LOC, ground glass opacities (CXR),
REFRACTORY HYPOXEMIA, RESP ACIDOSIS
Tx: mech vent (PEEP start @ 5), CPAP, ECMO, interdisciplinary care
NI: assess lungs (Q1hr), rise/fall of chest, suction, proning
Phases of ARDs correct answers 1. Injury/exudative phase
SPEC correct answers Stable vs Unstable
Potential vs Real
Expected vs Unexpected
Chronic vs Acute
ABGs correct answers PaO2: 80-100
PaCO2: 35-45
SaO2: 90-100
HCO3: 22-28
pH: 7.35-7.45
oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve correct answers - shifts affected by body temp, pH, and CO2
- ABG most specific
V/Q mismatch correct answers V= Ventilation
Q= Perfusion
Normal V/Q= 1mL of air= 1mL of blood
Pulmonary Embolism correct answers Causes: Surgery, smoking, BC, pregnancy, immobility,
INFECTION
Sxs: sudden dyspnea, restlessness, impending doom, diaphoresis, hemoptysis, crackles
,Tx: O2, high fowlers, assess resp status (30 mins), assess cardiac status, labs, anticoagulants,
bleeding precautions
Complications: obstructive shock
*CALL RRT*
*RESP. ALK --> ACID---> MET ACID*
*D-DIMER (500)*
PE Medications correct answers - Heparin
- Lovenox (enoxaprin)
- Coumadin (warfarin)
- Arixtra (fondaparinux)
- Xarelto (rivaroxaban)
- tPa
Prevention of PE correct answers • Passive, active ROM; ambulate soon after surgery
• Change position every 2 hours
• Anti-embolism stockings (SCD's)
• Avoid tight garters, girdles, constricting clothing
• No pillows under knees
• Comprehensive peripheral circulatory assessment
• Elevate affected limb 20 degrees above heart
• No massaging or compressing leg muscles
• Do not cross legs
• Prophylactic low dose anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs
, HIT correct answers heparin induced thrombocytopenia
- dec in platelets
- monitor PTT, CBC
Acute Respiratory Failure correct answers Cause: PE, infection, V/Q mismatch
Sxs: Resp Acidosis, dyspnea, dec O2, tachycardia, tachypnea
Tx: oxygen, sit them up, bipap, bronchodilators, steroid, turn, inc fluids, postural drainage,
PaO2: <60
PaCO2: >45
SaO2: <90
*when resp slow down--> respiratory arrest*
ARDs correct answers caused by acute lung injury
- trauma, shock, infection, aspiration
Sxs: SOB, dec BP, pulm edema, retractions, change in LOC, ground glass opacities (CXR),
REFRACTORY HYPOXEMIA, RESP ACIDOSIS
Tx: mech vent (PEEP start @ 5), CPAP, ECMO, interdisciplinary care
NI: assess lungs (Q1hr), rise/fall of chest, suction, proning
Phases of ARDs correct answers 1. Injury/exudative phase
