PORTH'SlPATHOPHYSIOLOGYlCONCEPTSlOF
ALTEREDlHEALTHlSTATESl11THlEDITIONlTOMMIE
L.lNORRISlTESTlBANK
Pagel1
,lll
CHl1:lConceptsloflHealthlandlDiseasell
1. Atlanlinternationallnursinglconference,lmanyldiscussionslandlbreakoutlsessionslfocusedlo
nlthelWorldlHealthlOrganizationl(WHO)lviewslonlhealth.lOflthelfollowinglcommentslma
delbylNursinglattendantslduringlaldiscussionlsession,lwhichlstatementslwouldlbelconside
redlalgoodlrepresentationloflthelWHOldefinition?lSelectl alllthatl apply.
A) Interestslinlkeepinglthelelderlylpopulationlengagedlinlsuchlactivitieslaslbooklre
viewslandlwordlgameslduringlsocialltime
B) Increaselinlthelnumberloflchairlaerobicslclasseslprovidedlinlthelskilledlcarelfa
cilities
C) Interventionslgearedltowardlkeepinglthelelderlylpopulationldiagnosedlwithldiabete
slmellituslunderltightlbloodlglucoselcontrollbylprovidinglin-homelcookinglclasses
D) Providingltransportationlforlrenalldialysislhospitallpatientsltolandlfromltheirlhemod
ialysislsessions
E) ProvidinglhandwashinglteachinglsessionsltolalgrouploflyounglchildrenlP
RECISElCHOICE:-l A,lB,lC,lE
Reasoning:->>>
ThelWHOldefinitionloflhealthlisldefinedlasl“alstateloflcompletelphysical,lmental,landlsoci
allwell-
beinglandlnotlmerelylthelabsenceloflillnesslandlinfirmity.”lEngaginglinlbooklreviewslfaci
litateslmentallandlsociallwell-being;lchairlaerobicslhelpslfacilitatelphysicallwell-
being;landlassistinglwithltightlcontrollofldiabeteslhelpslwithlfacilitatinglphysicallwell-
beinglevenlthoughlthelpersonlhaslalchroniclillness.lHandwashinglislvitallinlthelpreventionl
oflillnesslandlspreadloflgerms.
2. AlcommunitylhealthlNursinglattendantlislteachinglalgrouploflrecentlgraduateslabout
lthellargelvarietyloflfactorslthatlinfluencelanlindividual'slhealthlorllacklthereof.lThel
NursinglattendantlislreferringltolthelHealthylPeoplel2020lreportlfromlthelU.S.lDepart
mentloflHealthlandlHumanlServiceslaslalteachinglexample.lOflthelfollowinglaspects
ldiscussed,lwhichlwouldlbelconsideredlaldeterminantloflhealthlthatlisloutsidelthelfoc
usloflthislreport?
A) ThelhospitallpatientlhaslaldiverselbackgroundlbylbeingloflAsianlandlNativelAm
ericanldescentlandlpracticeslvariouslalternativeltherapiesltolminimizeleffectslofls
tress.
B) Thelhospitallpatientlhaslalfamilylhistoryloflcardiovascularl illnesslrelatedltolh
ypercholesterolemialandlremainslnoncompliantlwithltheltreatmentlregime.
C) Thelhospitallpatientlhaslalgoodlcareerlwithlexceptionallpreventativelprimarylhealthlcarelben
efits.
D) Thelhospitallpatientlliveslinlanlaffluent,lclean,lsuburbanlcommunitylwithlac
cessltolmanylprimarylhealthlcarel facilities.
PRECISElCHOICE:-l B
Reasoning:->>>
InlHealthylPeoplel2020,lthelfocuslisltolpromotelgoodlhealthltolalll(suchlaslusinglalternati
veltherapiesltolminimizeleffectsloflstress);lachievinglhealthlequitylandlpromotinglhealthlf
orlalll(whichlincludeslhavinglgoodlprimarylhealthlcarelbenefits);landlpromotinglgoodlheal
thl(whichlincludesllivinglinlalcleanlcommunitylwithlgoodlaccessltolhealthlcare).lAlhospital
lpatient'slnoncompliancelwithltreatmentsltolcontrollhighlcholesterolllevelslwithinlthelpres
enceloflalfamilylhistoryloflCVlillnessldoeslnotlmeetlthel“attaininglliveslfreeloflpreventabl
el illnesslandlprematureldeath”ldeterminant.
,3. Alphysicianlislprovidinglcarelforlalnumberloflhospitallpatientslonlalmedicallunitloflallar
ge,luniversitylhospital.lThelphysicianlisldiscussinglwithlalcolleagueltheldifferentiationl
betweenlillnessslthatlarelcausedlbylabnormallmoleculeslandlillnessslthatlcauselillness.l
Whichloflthelfollowinglhospitallpatientslmostlclearlyldemonstrateslthelconsequenceslo
flmoleculeslthatl causelillness?
A) Al31-year-
oldlwomanlwithlsicklelcelllanemialwholislreceivinglaltransfusionloflpackedlredlb
loodlcells
B) Al91-year-
oldlwomanlwholhaslexperiencedlanlischemiclstrokelresultinglfromlfamiliallhyp
ercholesterolemia
C) Al19-year-
oldlmanlwithlexacerbationloflhislcysticlfibrosislrequiringloxygenltherapylandl
chestl physiotherapy
D) Al30-year-
oldlhomelesslmanlwholhaslPneumocystislcariniilpneumonial(PCP)landlislHIVlposit
ive.
PRECISElCHOICE:-l D
Reasoningl:-
>>>PCPlislanlexamplelofltheleffectloflalmoleculelthatldirectlylcontributesltolillness.lSicklelcell
lanemia,lfamiliallhypercholesterolemia,landlcysticlfibrosislarelalllexampleslofltheleffectslofla
bnormallmolecules.
4. Almemberloflthelprimarylhealthlcarelteamlislresearchingltheletiologylandlpathogenesi
sloflalnumberloflhospitallpatientslwholarelunderlhislcarelinlalhospitallcontext.lWhichlo
flthelfollowinglaspectsloflhospitallpatients'lsituationslbestlcharacterizeslpathogenesislr
atherlthanletiology?
A) AlhospitallpatientlwholhaslbeenlexposedltolthelMycobacteriumltuberculosislbacterium
B) Alhospitallpatientlwholhaslincreasinglserumlammoniallevelsldueltolliverlcirrhosis
C) Alhospitallpatientlwholwasladmittedlwithltheleffectsloflmethyllalcohollpoisoning
D) Alhospitallpatientlwithlmultiplelskeletallinjurieslsecondaryltolalmotorl
vehiclelaccidentl PRECISElCHOICE:-l B
Reasoning:-
>>>Pathogenesislrefersltolthelprogressivelandlevolutionarylcourseloflillness,lsuchlaslthelincre
asinglammoniallevelslthatlaccompanylliverl illness.lBacteria,lpoisons,landltraumaticlinjuriesl
arelexampleslofletiologiclfactors.
5. Alnewlmyocardiallinfarctionlhospitallpatientlrequiringlangioplastylandlstentlplacementl
haslarrivedltolhislfirstlcardiaclrehabilitationlappointment.lInlthislfirstlsession,lalreviewlof
lthelpathogenesisloflcoronarylarterylillnesslisladdressed.lWhichlstatementlbylthelhospitall
patientlverifiesltolthelNursinglattendantlthatlhelhaslunderstoodlthelNursinglattendant'slte
achingslaboutl coronarylarterylillness?
A) “AlllIlhaveltoldolislstoplsmoking,landlthenlIlwon'tlhavelanylmorelheartlattacks.”
B) “Mylarterylwaslcloggedlbylfat,lsolIlwilllneedltolstopleatinglfattylfoodsllikelFr
enchlfriesleverylday.”
C) “Soundsllikelthislbeganlbecauseloflinflammationlinsidelmylarterylthatlmadelitlea
syltol formlfattylstreaks,lwhichlleadltolmylcloggedlartery.”
D) “IflIldolnotlexerciselregularlyltolgetlmylheartlratelup,lbloodlpoolslinlthelveinslcaus
inglalclotlthatlstopslbloodlflowltolthelmuscle,landlIlwilllhavelalheartlattack.”
PRECISElCHOICE:-l C
Reasoning:-
>>>Theltrueletiology/causeloflcoronarylarterylillnessl(CAD)l islunknown;lhowever,lthe
, Pagel3
ALTEREDlHEALTHlSTATESl11THlEDITIONlTOMMIE
L.lNORRISlTESTlBANK
Pagel1
,lll
CHl1:lConceptsloflHealthlandlDiseasell
1. Atlanlinternationallnursinglconference,lmanyldiscussionslandlbreakoutlsessionslfocusedlo
nlthelWorldlHealthlOrganizationl(WHO)lviewslonlhealth.lOflthelfollowinglcommentslma
delbylNursinglattendantslduringlaldiscussionlsession,lwhichlstatementslwouldlbelconside
redlalgoodlrepresentationloflthelWHOldefinition?lSelectl alllthatl apply.
A) Interestslinlkeepinglthelelderlylpopulationlengagedlinlsuchlactivitieslaslbooklre
viewslandlwordlgameslduringlsocialltime
B) Increaselinlthelnumberloflchairlaerobicslclasseslprovidedlinlthelskilledlcarelfa
cilities
C) Interventionslgearedltowardlkeepinglthelelderlylpopulationldiagnosedlwithldiabete
slmellituslunderltightlbloodlglucoselcontrollbylprovidinglin-homelcookinglclasses
D) Providingltransportationlforlrenalldialysislhospitallpatientsltolandlfromltheirlhemod
ialysislsessions
E) ProvidinglhandwashinglteachinglsessionsltolalgrouploflyounglchildrenlP
RECISElCHOICE:-l A,lB,lC,lE
Reasoning:->>>
ThelWHOldefinitionloflhealthlisldefinedlasl“alstateloflcompletelphysical,lmental,landlsoci
allwell-
beinglandlnotlmerelylthelabsenceloflillnesslandlinfirmity.”lEngaginglinlbooklreviewslfaci
litateslmentallandlsociallwell-being;lchairlaerobicslhelpslfacilitatelphysicallwell-
being;landlassistinglwithltightlcontrollofldiabeteslhelpslwithlfacilitatinglphysicallwell-
beinglevenlthoughlthelpersonlhaslalchroniclillness.lHandwashinglislvitallinlthelpreventionl
oflillnesslandlspreadloflgerms.
2. AlcommunitylhealthlNursinglattendantlislteachinglalgrouploflrecentlgraduateslabout
lthellargelvarietyloflfactorslthatlinfluencelanlindividual'slhealthlorllacklthereof.lThel
NursinglattendantlislreferringltolthelHealthylPeoplel2020lreportlfromlthelU.S.lDepart
mentloflHealthlandlHumanlServiceslaslalteachinglexample.lOflthelfollowinglaspects
ldiscussed,lwhichlwouldlbelconsideredlaldeterminantloflhealthlthatlisloutsidelthelfoc
usloflthislreport?
A) ThelhospitallpatientlhaslaldiverselbackgroundlbylbeingloflAsianlandlNativelAm
ericanldescentlandlpracticeslvariouslalternativeltherapiesltolminimizeleffectslofls
tress.
B) Thelhospitallpatientlhaslalfamilylhistoryloflcardiovascularl illnesslrelatedltolh
ypercholesterolemialandlremainslnoncompliantlwithltheltreatmentlregime.
C) Thelhospitallpatientlhaslalgoodlcareerlwithlexceptionallpreventativelprimarylhealthlcarelben
efits.
D) Thelhospitallpatientlliveslinlanlaffluent,lclean,lsuburbanlcommunitylwithlac
cessltolmanylprimarylhealthlcarel facilities.
PRECISElCHOICE:-l B
Reasoning:->>>
InlHealthylPeoplel2020,lthelfocuslisltolpromotelgoodlhealthltolalll(suchlaslusinglalternati
veltherapiesltolminimizeleffectsloflstress);lachievinglhealthlequitylandlpromotinglhealthlf
orlalll(whichlincludeslhavinglgoodlprimarylhealthlcarelbenefits);landlpromotinglgoodlheal
thl(whichlincludesllivinglinlalcleanlcommunitylwithlgoodlaccessltolhealthlcare).lAlhospital
lpatient'slnoncompliancelwithltreatmentsltolcontrollhighlcholesterolllevelslwithinlthelpres
enceloflalfamilylhistoryloflCVlillnessldoeslnotlmeetlthel“attaininglliveslfreeloflpreventabl
el illnesslandlprematureldeath”ldeterminant.
,3. Alphysicianlislprovidinglcarelforlalnumberloflhospitallpatientslonlalmedicallunitloflallar
ge,luniversitylhospital.lThelphysicianlisldiscussinglwithlalcolleagueltheldifferentiationl
betweenlillnessslthatlarelcausedlbylabnormallmoleculeslandlillnessslthatlcauselillness.l
Whichloflthelfollowinglhospitallpatientslmostlclearlyldemonstrateslthelconsequenceslo
flmoleculeslthatl causelillness?
A) Al31-year-
oldlwomanlwithlsicklelcelllanemialwholislreceivinglaltransfusionloflpackedlredlb
loodlcells
B) Al91-year-
oldlwomanlwholhaslexperiencedlanlischemiclstrokelresultinglfromlfamiliallhyp
ercholesterolemia
C) Al19-year-
oldlmanlwithlexacerbationloflhislcysticlfibrosislrequiringloxygenltherapylandl
chestl physiotherapy
D) Al30-year-
oldlhomelesslmanlwholhaslPneumocystislcariniilpneumonial(PCP)landlislHIVlposit
ive.
PRECISElCHOICE:-l D
Reasoningl:-
>>>PCPlislanlexamplelofltheleffectloflalmoleculelthatldirectlylcontributesltolillness.lSicklelcell
lanemia,lfamiliallhypercholesterolemia,landlcysticlfibrosislarelalllexampleslofltheleffectslofla
bnormallmolecules.
4. Almemberloflthelprimarylhealthlcarelteamlislresearchingltheletiologylandlpathogenesi
sloflalnumberloflhospitallpatientslwholarelunderlhislcarelinlalhospitallcontext.lWhichlo
flthelfollowinglaspectsloflhospitallpatients'lsituationslbestlcharacterizeslpathogenesislr
atherlthanletiology?
A) AlhospitallpatientlwholhaslbeenlexposedltolthelMycobacteriumltuberculosislbacterium
B) Alhospitallpatientlwholhaslincreasinglserumlammoniallevelsldueltolliverlcirrhosis
C) Alhospitallpatientlwholwasladmittedlwithltheleffectsloflmethyllalcohollpoisoning
D) Alhospitallpatientlwithlmultiplelskeletallinjurieslsecondaryltolalmotorl
vehiclelaccidentl PRECISElCHOICE:-l B
Reasoning:-
>>>Pathogenesislrefersltolthelprogressivelandlevolutionarylcourseloflillness,lsuchlaslthelincre
asinglammoniallevelslthatlaccompanylliverl illness.lBacteria,lpoisons,landltraumaticlinjuriesl
arelexampleslofletiologiclfactors.
5. Alnewlmyocardiallinfarctionlhospitallpatientlrequiringlangioplastylandlstentlplacementl
haslarrivedltolhislfirstlcardiaclrehabilitationlappointment.lInlthislfirstlsession,lalreviewlof
lthelpathogenesisloflcoronarylarterylillnesslisladdressed.lWhichlstatementlbylthelhospitall
patientlverifiesltolthelNursinglattendantlthatlhelhaslunderstoodlthelNursinglattendant'slte
achingslaboutl coronarylarterylillness?
A) “AlllIlhaveltoldolislstoplsmoking,landlthenlIlwon'tlhavelanylmorelheartlattacks.”
B) “Mylarterylwaslcloggedlbylfat,lsolIlwilllneedltolstopleatinglfattylfoodsllikelFr
enchlfriesleverylday.”
C) “Soundsllikelthislbeganlbecauseloflinflammationlinsidelmylarterylthatlmadelitlea
syltol formlfattylstreaks,lwhichlleadltolmylcloggedlartery.”
D) “IflIldolnotlexerciselregularlyltolgetlmylheartlratelup,lbloodlpoolslinlthelveinslcaus
inglalclotlthatlstopslbloodlflowltolthelmuscle,landlIlwilllhavelalheartlattack.”
PRECISElCHOICE:-l C
Reasoning:-
>>>Theltrueletiology/causeloflcoronarylarterylillnessl(CAD)l islunknown;lhowever,lthe
, Pagel3
