latoya paul bio 1002 exam 1 Questions
and Answers.
What is the branch of biology concerned with classifying organisms called? - Answer
taxonomy
Who developed the modern system of classification? - Answer Linnaeus
What is the two-part scientific name of an organism? - Answer genus and species
What are the rules for writing this name? - Answer italicized or underlined, capitalize the
genus, lower case the species
What are the eight classification categories in order of most to least inclusive? - Answer
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
What is phylogenetics and what tool does it utilize to organize organisms? - Answer the
study of evolutionary relationships, it utilizes phylogenetic trees.
What is a clade? - Answer a group of organisms with a common ancestor.
Systematists study what kind of similarities between organisms when determining relatedness?
- Answer similarities in DNA, external structures, anatomy.
What are the domains of life? - Answer bacteria, archaea, eukarya
Which two domains are most closely related? - Answer archaea and eukarya. they are more
similar genetically, they evolved later than bacteria evolved.
What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? - Answer eukaryotes have a
true nucleus with a membrane
Which domains include prokaryotic organisms and which include eukaryotic? - Answer
bacteria and archaea are prokaryotic, eukarya are eukaryotic.
Under domain Eukarya, what are the groups (i.e. kingdoms)? - Answer plantae, animalia,
protists, and fungi.
, What were the first organisms on earth that every modern-day organism evolved from? -
Answer bacteria
What are the structural differences between bacteria and archaea? - Answer bacteria have
peptidoglycan in their cell walls, wheel and axel flagella; archaea have complex plasma
membranes, thinner flagella.
How are bacteria and archaea similar? - Answer single celled, prokaryotic, very small, motile
What three shapes can bacteria and archaea come in? - Answer spherical, rod-shaped, and
cork screw
How can bacteria and archaea be classified? (characteristics, distinguishing factors) - Answer
shape, locomotion (how they move), colony appearance, pigments, nutrient requirements,
nucleotide sequences (DNA), staining patterns.
What survival mechanisms do bacteria and archaea utilize? - Answer biofilms, endospores,
specific habitats, anaerobic (without oxygen) /aerobic (with oxygen) metabolism
What is a biofilm and an example of one? - Answer secretion of fluid that protects a colony
of bacteria from external pressures, e.g plaque.
What is an endospore? - Answer capsule that contains proteins and genetic info that can
withstand harsh conditons for many years, allows bacteria to survive.
In what ways do bacteria and archaea acquire their energy for metabolism? - Answer waste
products, organic compounds (carbohydrates, sugars), inorganic compounds ( nitrogen,
ammonia), poisonous compounds (petroleum), sunlight
How do cyanobacteria acquire energy? - Answer through photosynthesis
What are the two modes of reproduction in bacteria and archaea and how does each operate? -
Answer binary fission: new cell buds off of parent cell, asexual reproduction—genetically
identical offspring; conjugation: sex pilus transfers DNA from donor cell to recipient cell.
What is a plasmid? - Answer circular DNA that contains resistance genes, not necessary for
the survival of bacteria, transferred through conjugation, replicates independently.
and Answers.
What is the branch of biology concerned with classifying organisms called? - Answer
taxonomy
Who developed the modern system of classification? - Answer Linnaeus
What is the two-part scientific name of an organism? - Answer genus and species
What are the rules for writing this name? - Answer italicized or underlined, capitalize the
genus, lower case the species
What are the eight classification categories in order of most to least inclusive? - Answer
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
What is phylogenetics and what tool does it utilize to organize organisms? - Answer the
study of evolutionary relationships, it utilizes phylogenetic trees.
What is a clade? - Answer a group of organisms with a common ancestor.
Systematists study what kind of similarities between organisms when determining relatedness?
- Answer similarities in DNA, external structures, anatomy.
What are the domains of life? - Answer bacteria, archaea, eukarya
Which two domains are most closely related? - Answer archaea and eukarya. they are more
similar genetically, they evolved later than bacteria evolved.
What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? - Answer eukaryotes have a
true nucleus with a membrane
Which domains include prokaryotic organisms and which include eukaryotic? - Answer
bacteria and archaea are prokaryotic, eukarya are eukaryotic.
Under domain Eukarya, what are the groups (i.e. kingdoms)? - Answer plantae, animalia,
protists, and fungi.
, What were the first organisms on earth that every modern-day organism evolved from? -
Answer bacteria
What are the structural differences between bacteria and archaea? - Answer bacteria have
peptidoglycan in their cell walls, wheel and axel flagella; archaea have complex plasma
membranes, thinner flagella.
How are bacteria and archaea similar? - Answer single celled, prokaryotic, very small, motile
What three shapes can bacteria and archaea come in? - Answer spherical, rod-shaped, and
cork screw
How can bacteria and archaea be classified? (characteristics, distinguishing factors) - Answer
shape, locomotion (how they move), colony appearance, pigments, nutrient requirements,
nucleotide sequences (DNA), staining patterns.
What survival mechanisms do bacteria and archaea utilize? - Answer biofilms, endospores,
specific habitats, anaerobic (without oxygen) /aerobic (with oxygen) metabolism
What is a biofilm and an example of one? - Answer secretion of fluid that protects a colony
of bacteria from external pressures, e.g plaque.
What is an endospore? - Answer capsule that contains proteins and genetic info that can
withstand harsh conditons for many years, allows bacteria to survive.
In what ways do bacteria and archaea acquire their energy for metabolism? - Answer waste
products, organic compounds (carbohydrates, sugars), inorganic compounds ( nitrogen,
ammonia), poisonous compounds (petroleum), sunlight
How do cyanobacteria acquire energy? - Answer through photosynthesis
What are the two modes of reproduction in bacteria and archaea and how does each operate? -
Answer binary fission: new cell buds off of parent cell, asexual reproduction—genetically
identical offspring; conjugation: sex pilus transfers DNA from donor cell to recipient cell.
What is a plasmid? - Answer circular DNA that contains resistance genes, not necessary for
the survival of bacteria, transferred through conjugation, replicates independently.
