MBI 111 EXAM 4 (MIAMI UNIVERSITY) | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Primary Syphilis - (ANSWER)appearance of a hard chancre at site of entry. starts as a small red, hard
bump that enlarges and breaks down. extremely infectious. persists for 2-6 weeks then suddenly goes
away
Secondary Syphilis - (ANSWER)3 weeks to 6 months after chancre heals. fever, headache, sore throat
followed by lymphadenophathy and a peculiar red or brown rash that breaks out on all skin surfaces,
including palms and soles of feet. lasts a few weeks major complications: occur in bones, hair follicles,
joints, liver, eyes and brain can linger for months or years
Tertiary Syphilis - (ANSWER)many forms, many include heart, nervous system, or skin. gumma formation
(swollen tissue tumors) in tissues. 30% get to this stage, can last for 20 years
urethritis-gonorrhea - (ANSWER)in cervix in women and urethra in men. may spread to uterus and
fallopian tubes. can spread to joints. mouth if genital-oral contact. rectum. eyes of newborns
gonorrhea: -causative agent -organ effected -symptoms, treatment, complications -incidence -diagnosis
- (ANSWER)-causative agent- Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gram negative, bean shaped -organ effected-
reproductive -transmission- sexual contact symptoms,- vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, painful when
urinating treatment-,antibiotics, complications- can spread to joints and be passed to child ncidence-
second most reported disease in US -diagnosis- culture
urethritis-chlamydia - (ANSWER)common term for urethra infection, discharge. caused by Chlamydia
trachomatis, q onlygrows intracellularlyin phagosome. most frequently reported disease in US. same
painful symptoms as gonorrhea but milder. can spread in same ways as gonorrhea but the baby's eyes
cannot be treated with silver nitrate. can also cause pneumonia in new borns. treatment with
azithrozymax, diagnosed by symptoms/history and looking at specimen under flouresent light
Genital Herpes (STD) - (ANSWER)• Caused by Herpes simplex type 2 virus • 45 million Americans
infected • Periodic eruption of small, painfulblisters on genitals • Infection requires contact with
fluidfrom these sores. can be transmitted when no blisters • Antiviral drugs can reduce pain but thereis
no curecan go away for a while then come back. related to cervical cancer
cold sores (fever blisters) - (ANSWER)small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by a herpes
simplex infection. The virus localizes in a cutaneous nerve, where it remains dormant until activated by
emotional upset, fever, or UV radiation. transmission by oral genital contact or fingers
, MBI 111 EXAM 4 (MIAMI UNIVERSITY) | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
herpes gingivostomatitis - (ANSWER)from HSV I, usually in children. blisters inside mouth.
Herpes Keratitis - (ANSWER)Infection of the eyes, can cause blindness, from herpes simplex I
Herpes encephalitis - (ANSWER)from Herpes simplex one, rare. reaches brain from nerves.
blindness,convulsions, brain damage and death n untreated:70% mortality 20% mortality in treated n
treated:20% mortality, 50% neurological defect
neonatal Herpes - (ANSWER)from HSV II, in newborns. verticaltransmission (transmitted during
childbirth) c- sectionrecommended for cases of herpes(active and inactive) maypass through placenta
(5%) oneof TORCHdiseases:
Toxoplasmosis
Other(syphilis,varicella-zoster)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpessimplex
treatment of herpes - (ANSWER)base analongs q similarto building blocks (bases: A, T, G, C, U) of DNA
and RNA q virusincorporates it into replicating DNA q causespremature termination of DNA chain q
topical,oral and i.v. treatments available
Human Papaloma Virus - (ANSWER)n groupof over 100 DNA viruses. commoncause of warts 30-40can
be transmitted sexually "lowrisk" types (non-oncogenic) cause genital warts "highrisk" types (oncogenic)
n associatedwith abnormal pap smears n leadingcause of cervical cancer alsocause anal, penile and oral
cancers transmission : directcontact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex occurs in 2/3 of contacts incubation
: 3-6months (can be longer)
HPV symptoms - (ANSWER)genital warts, this strain doesn't cause cervical cancer. oncongenisis: type
that causes cancer. takes years to appear, first abnormal pap-smear, then pre-cancer, then cancer
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Primary Syphilis - (ANSWER)appearance of a hard chancre at site of entry. starts as a small red, hard
bump that enlarges and breaks down. extremely infectious. persists for 2-6 weeks then suddenly goes
away
Secondary Syphilis - (ANSWER)3 weeks to 6 months after chancre heals. fever, headache, sore throat
followed by lymphadenophathy and a peculiar red or brown rash that breaks out on all skin surfaces,
including palms and soles of feet. lasts a few weeks major complications: occur in bones, hair follicles,
joints, liver, eyes and brain can linger for months or years
Tertiary Syphilis - (ANSWER)many forms, many include heart, nervous system, or skin. gumma formation
(swollen tissue tumors) in tissues. 30% get to this stage, can last for 20 years
urethritis-gonorrhea - (ANSWER)in cervix in women and urethra in men. may spread to uterus and
fallopian tubes. can spread to joints. mouth if genital-oral contact. rectum. eyes of newborns
gonorrhea: -causative agent -organ effected -symptoms, treatment, complications -incidence -diagnosis
- (ANSWER)-causative agent- Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gram negative, bean shaped -organ effected-
reproductive -transmission- sexual contact symptoms,- vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, painful when
urinating treatment-,antibiotics, complications- can spread to joints and be passed to child ncidence-
second most reported disease in US -diagnosis- culture
urethritis-chlamydia - (ANSWER)common term for urethra infection, discharge. caused by Chlamydia
trachomatis, q onlygrows intracellularlyin phagosome. most frequently reported disease in US. same
painful symptoms as gonorrhea but milder. can spread in same ways as gonorrhea but the baby's eyes
cannot be treated with silver nitrate. can also cause pneumonia in new borns. treatment with
azithrozymax, diagnosed by symptoms/history and looking at specimen under flouresent light
Genital Herpes (STD) - (ANSWER)• Caused by Herpes simplex type 2 virus • 45 million Americans
infected • Periodic eruption of small, painfulblisters on genitals • Infection requires contact with
fluidfrom these sores. can be transmitted when no blisters • Antiviral drugs can reduce pain but thereis
no curecan go away for a while then come back. related to cervical cancer
cold sores (fever blisters) - (ANSWER)small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by a herpes
simplex infection. The virus localizes in a cutaneous nerve, where it remains dormant until activated by
emotional upset, fever, or UV radiation. transmission by oral genital contact or fingers
, MBI 111 EXAM 4 (MIAMI UNIVERSITY) | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
herpes gingivostomatitis - (ANSWER)from HSV I, usually in children. blisters inside mouth.
Herpes Keratitis - (ANSWER)Infection of the eyes, can cause blindness, from herpes simplex I
Herpes encephalitis - (ANSWER)from Herpes simplex one, rare. reaches brain from nerves.
blindness,convulsions, brain damage and death n untreated:70% mortality 20% mortality in treated n
treated:20% mortality, 50% neurological defect
neonatal Herpes - (ANSWER)from HSV II, in newborns. verticaltransmission (transmitted during
childbirth) c- sectionrecommended for cases of herpes(active and inactive) maypass through placenta
(5%) oneof TORCHdiseases:
Toxoplasmosis
Other(syphilis,varicella-zoster)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpessimplex
treatment of herpes - (ANSWER)base analongs q similarto building blocks (bases: A, T, G, C, U) of DNA
and RNA q virusincorporates it into replicating DNA q causespremature termination of DNA chain q
topical,oral and i.v. treatments available
Human Papaloma Virus - (ANSWER)n groupof over 100 DNA viruses. commoncause of warts 30-40can
be transmitted sexually "lowrisk" types (non-oncogenic) cause genital warts "highrisk" types (oncogenic)
n associatedwith abnormal pap smears n leadingcause of cervical cancer alsocause anal, penile and oral
cancers transmission : directcontact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex occurs in 2/3 of contacts incubation
: 3-6months (can be longer)
HPV symptoms - (ANSWER)genital warts, this strain doesn't cause cervical cancer. oncongenisis: type
that causes cancer. takes years to appear, first abnormal pap-smear, then pre-cancer, then cancer
