PHARMACOLOGY EXIT FINAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

PHARMACOLOGY EXIT FINAL EXAM SCRIPT
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
▶ HCO3- (bicarbonate) normal range . Answer: 22-26

▶ Blood pH less than 7.35 . Answer: metabolic or respiratory acidosis

▶ Blood pH more than 7.45 . Answer: metabolic or respiratory alkalosis

▶ respiratory acidosis . Answer: Co2 greater than 45, caused by
pneumonia, COPD, narcotic OD, chest injuries

▶ respiratory alkalosis . Answer: Co2 lower than 35, caused by panic
attacks, hyperventilation

▶ metabolic acidosis . Answer: HCO3- less than 22, DKA

▶ metabolic alkalosis . Answer: HCO3- greater than 26, GI secretions over
suctioned, NG tubes, OD on antacids, prolonged emesis

▶ Nonspecific or Innate Immunity . Answer: 1st and 2nd lines of defense

▶ Specific or Adaptive Immunity . Answer: 3rd line of defense

▶ 1st line of defense . Answer: Barriers: Skin, Mucous Membranes, Gastric
juices, Normal Flora, and Cilia

▶ 2nd line of defense . Answer: Inflammation and Phagocytosis

▶ 3rd line of defense . Answer: B-Cells and T-Cells

▶ Cycle of Infection . Answer: Pathogens, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Mode
of Transmission, Portal of Entry, Host B