NR 507 Pathophysiology Final Exam Prep | Latest
Update 2026 | Graded A+
1. Practice: what is the first line medication recommended to treat hypothyroidism?
liotrix (t3/t4 combo)
levothyroxine (T4)
liothyronine (T3) desiccated
thyroid
2. Which of the following is the most relevant factor when choosing between different
antidepressants?
Time to onset of action
Mechanism of action
Side effect and tolerability profile
Prescriber preference
3. Describe the key symptoms associated with cluster headaches and their significance
in diagnosis.
Cluster headaches are characterized by severe pain without any accompanying
symptoms.
The symptoms of cluster headaches are similar to those of migraines, making
diagnosis difficult.
Cluster headaches primarily cause gastrointestinal symptoms.
, The key symptoms of cluster headaches include tearing on the affected side, ptosis
of the ipsilateral eye, and congestion of nasal mucosa, which help differentiate them
from other headache types.
4. Describe how renal calculi can lead to post renal failure.
Renal calculi have no impact on kidney function.
Renal calculi affect blood flow to the kidneys, causing pre renal failure.
Renal calculi directly damage kidney tissue, resulting in intrinsic renal failure.
Renal calculi can obstruct urine flow, causing back pressure on the kidneys and
leading to post renal failure.
5. Describe the significance of each treatment goal for renal calculi in patient
management.
The treatment goals are primarily concerned with surgical interventions rather
than conservative management.
Each treatment goal addresses specific aspects of managing renal calculi, such
as alleviating pain, facilitating the passage of stones, minimizing their size, and
preventing recurrence.
The treatment goals focus solely on pain management and do not consider
stone prevention.
The treatment goals are irrelevant to the patient's overall health and focus only
on immediate symptoms.
6. What type of headache is usually bilateral, may be generalized, band-like tightness?
migraine cluster
tension headache
7. The first line treatment for major depression is:
, SSRI
Heterocylcic
MAOI
Psychotherapy
8. A patient with schizophrenia presents with a lack of motivation and difficulty
expressing emotions. Which negative symptoms are most likely being exhibited?
Euphoria and hyperactivity
Anxiety and panic attacks
Apathy and flattened affect
Hallucinations and delusions
9. Which of the following is NOT a key symptom associated with Parkinson's disease?
Dysphagia
Cluster headaches
Shuffling gait
Resting tremor
10. Factors which worsen rosacea include:
Ingestion of hot beverages
Sun exposure
Alcohol consumption
All of the above
, 11. A patient presents with upper flank pain, fever, dysuria, N/V, malodorous urine CVA
tenderness. You suspect?
ileus
Pyelonephritis/Upper UTI
Colitis cholelithiasis
12. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is what type of condition?
Septic
Temporal
Autoimmune
Epileptic
13. What is the primary motor deficit associated with an infarct in the anterior cerebral
artery (ACA)?
Unilateral paralysis of the upper limbs
Contralateral paralysis or paresis greater in the arm and face
Contralateral paralysis or paresis greater in the foot and thigh
Bilateral paralysis of the lower limbs
14. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is due to?
excess secretion of PTH from PTH glands chronic
disease (renal failure, vit D deficiency)
15. Which intervention is the priority for a patient with renal calculi?
Update 2026 | Graded A+
1. Practice: what is the first line medication recommended to treat hypothyroidism?
liotrix (t3/t4 combo)
levothyroxine (T4)
liothyronine (T3) desiccated
thyroid
2. Which of the following is the most relevant factor when choosing between different
antidepressants?
Time to onset of action
Mechanism of action
Side effect and tolerability profile
Prescriber preference
3. Describe the key symptoms associated with cluster headaches and their significance
in diagnosis.
Cluster headaches are characterized by severe pain without any accompanying
symptoms.
The symptoms of cluster headaches are similar to those of migraines, making
diagnosis difficult.
Cluster headaches primarily cause gastrointestinal symptoms.
, The key symptoms of cluster headaches include tearing on the affected side, ptosis
of the ipsilateral eye, and congestion of nasal mucosa, which help differentiate them
from other headache types.
4. Describe how renal calculi can lead to post renal failure.
Renal calculi have no impact on kidney function.
Renal calculi affect blood flow to the kidneys, causing pre renal failure.
Renal calculi directly damage kidney tissue, resulting in intrinsic renal failure.
Renal calculi can obstruct urine flow, causing back pressure on the kidneys and
leading to post renal failure.
5. Describe the significance of each treatment goal for renal calculi in patient
management.
The treatment goals are primarily concerned with surgical interventions rather
than conservative management.
Each treatment goal addresses specific aspects of managing renal calculi, such
as alleviating pain, facilitating the passage of stones, minimizing their size, and
preventing recurrence.
The treatment goals focus solely on pain management and do not consider
stone prevention.
The treatment goals are irrelevant to the patient's overall health and focus only
on immediate symptoms.
6. What type of headache is usually bilateral, may be generalized, band-like tightness?
migraine cluster
tension headache
7. The first line treatment for major depression is:
, SSRI
Heterocylcic
MAOI
Psychotherapy
8. A patient with schizophrenia presents with a lack of motivation and difficulty
expressing emotions. Which negative symptoms are most likely being exhibited?
Euphoria and hyperactivity
Anxiety and panic attacks
Apathy and flattened affect
Hallucinations and delusions
9. Which of the following is NOT a key symptom associated with Parkinson's disease?
Dysphagia
Cluster headaches
Shuffling gait
Resting tremor
10. Factors which worsen rosacea include:
Ingestion of hot beverages
Sun exposure
Alcohol consumption
All of the above
, 11. A patient presents with upper flank pain, fever, dysuria, N/V, malodorous urine CVA
tenderness. You suspect?
ileus
Pyelonephritis/Upper UTI
Colitis cholelithiasis
12. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is what type of condition?
Septic
Temporal
Autoimmune
Epileptic
13. What is the primary motor deficit associated with an infarct in the anterior cerebral
artery (ACA)?
Unilateral paralysis of the upper limbs
Contralateral paralysis or paresis greater in the arm and face
Contralateral paralysis or paresis greater in the foot and thigh
Bilateral paralysis of the lower limbs
14. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is due to?
excess secretion of PTH from PTH glands chronic
disease (renal failure, vit D deficiency)
15. Which intervention is the priority for a patient with renal calculi?
