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GEOS 101 EXAM 1 Exam with
complete solutions latest version
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER-a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited
evidence; an educated guess
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER-A system of ideas intended to explain something,
especially based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained
Law - CORRECT ANSWER-a system of rules recognized as regulating actions of its
members and may enforce by the imposition of penalties
Big Bang Theory - CORRECT ANSWER-13.7 billion years ago all the matter in the
Universe was concentrated into a single tiny point. It began to enlarge rapidly in a hot
explosion, evidence for the Big Bang Theory includes: all of the galaxies are moving
away from us
Big Bang Theory (material distribution) - CORRECT ANSWER-A supernova lead to
neutron capture reactions that lead to heavy element formation
- lightest elements: hydrogen and helium, with trace amounts of lithium and beryllium
- heaviest elements: boron
Asthenosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-a slippery molten layer of the mantle beneath
the lithosphere (thin outer part of the mantle)
Mantle - CORRECT ANSWER-Earth's middle layer made of heavy dry rock, softened by
cores heat
Crust - CORRECT ANSWER-(top layer) ocean or continent "icing" layer of the
lithosphere
Core - CORRECT ANSWER-Made of iron and nickel, has 2 parts: inner solid core and
outer liquid core
What makes a mineral (4 things) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Uniform chemical formula
(Quartz is always SiO2)
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2. Internal Crystal Structure (Quartz is always hexagonal)
3. Able to form in nature (not an example: cubic zirconium)
4. Able to form without life (not and example: coal, amber, pearls, and teeth)
Mohs Hardness Test - CORRECT ANSWER-How it's conducted:
"scratch test" a harder object can scratch any object equal to or softer than itself.
Why it's used:
As a scale to measure the hardness of a mineral in by its resistance to scratching
(softest: talc Hardest: diamond)
Streak Test - CORRECT ANSWER-A method used to determine the color of a mineral
in powdered form. Color is important for identifying the mineral. It's done by scrapping
the mineral across a piece of un-glazed "streak plate"
Color - CORRECT ANSWER-Least reliable method for mineral characterization
- easiest to see but unreliable because of impurities
Break levees - CORRECT ANSWER-Hurrican Katrina's storm surge caused the
Mississippi to do this in 2005 causing a lot of damage
Meander - CORRECT ANSWER-a winding curve or bend of a river or road, point bar:
sediment deposits inside curve
Natural Levee - CORRECT ANSWER-wall of sediment that build up on the sides of
channels and is part of a meander loop
Alluvial Fan - CORRECT ANSWER-when young rivers slow down, sediment builds this
and channels get choked or braided
Old River - CORRECT ANSWER-type of river that is very wide with flat flood plains
- sinuous (s-shaped) or meandering channels
New River - CORRECT ANSWER-type of river that has a narrow valley and fairly
straight channels
- (extreme: slot canyons; normal: v-shaped valley)
Mature Rive - CORRECT ANSWER-type of Ice-jam floods are typically found in
Ground water flow - CORRECT ANSWER-type of water flow that flows through tiny
pores in rock or soil
Ground water flow (location) - CORRECT ANSWER-moves along flow paths from areas
of recharge to areas of discharge at springs or along streams, lakes, and wetlands
BRAINSCAPE1
GEOS 101 EXAM 1 Exam with
complete solutions latest version
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER-a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited
evidence; an educated guess
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER-A system of ideas intended to explain something,
especially based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained
Law - CORRECT ANSWER-a system of rules recognized as regulating actions of its
members and may enforce by the imposition of penalties
Big Bang Theory - CORRECT ANSWER-13.7 billion years ago all the matter in the
Universe was concentrated into a single tiny point. It began to enlarge rapidly in a hot
explosion, evidence for the Big Bang Theory includes: all of the galaxies are moving
away from us
Big Bang Theory (material distribution) - CORRECT ANSWER-A supernova lead to
neutron capture reactions that lead to heavy element formation
- lightest elements: hydrogen and helium, with trace amounts of lithium and beryllium
- heaviest elements: boron
Asthenosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-a slippery molten layer of the mantle beneath
the lithosphere (thin outer part of the mantle)
Mantle - CORRECT ANSWER-Earth's middle layer made of heavy dry rock, softened by
cores heat
Crust - CORRECT ANSWER-(top layer) ocean or continent "icing" layer of the
lithosphere
Core - CORRECT ANSWER-Made of iron and nickel, has 2 parts: inner solid core and
outer liquid core
What makes a mineral (4 things) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Uniform chemical formula
(Quartz is always SiO2)
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, BRAINSCAPE1
2. Internal Crystal Structure (Quartz is always hexagonal)
3. Able to form in nature (not an example: cubic zirconium)
4. Able to form without life (not and example: coal, amber, pearls, and teeth)
Mohs Hardness Test - CORRECT ANSWER-How it's conducted:
"scratch test" a harder object can scratch any object equal to or softer than itself.
Why it's used:
As a scale to measure the hardness of a mineral in by its resistance to scratching
(softest: talc Hardest: diamond)
Streak Test - CORRECT ANSWER-A method used to determine the color of a mineral
in powdered form. Color is important for identifying the mineral. It's done by scrapping
the mineral across a piece of un-glazed "streak plate"
Color - CORRECT ANSWER-Least reliable method for mineral characterization
- easiest to see but unreliable because of impurities
Break levees - CORRECT ANSWER-Hurrican Katrina's storm surge caused the
Mississippi to do this in 2005 causing a lot of damage
Meander - CORRECT ANSWER-a winding curve or bend of a river or road, point bar:
sediment deposits inside curve
Natural Levee - CORRECT ANSWER-wall of sediment that build up on the sides of
channels and is part of a meander loop
Alluvial Fan - CORRECT ANSWER-when young rivers slow down, sediment builds this
and channels get choked or braided
Old River - CORRECT ANSWER-type of river that is very wide with flat flood plains
- sinuous (s-shaped) or meandering channels
New River - CORRECT ANSWER-type of river that has a narrow valley and fairly
straight channels
- (extreme: slot canyons; normal: v-shaped valley)
Mature Rive - CORRECT ANSWER-type of Ice-jam floods are typically found in
Ground water flow - CORRECT ANSWER-type of water flow that flows through tiny
pores in rock or soil
Ground water flow (location) - CORRECT ANSWER-moves along flow paths from areas
of recharge to areas of discharge at springs or along streams, lakes, and wetlands
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