PHI 220 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
● For an action to be considered a moral action, it must be ________________.. Answer:
Voluntary, deliberate, rational
● Your friend offers you some moral advice: "If you can't say anything nice, don't say
anything at all. "Your friend has espoused what kind of moral theory?. Answer:
Normative Ethics
● When we start asking questions about why some moral principles are the way they
are, or about the rules which guide those principles, we are doing .. Answer: metaethics
● The text book notes that religion is not a reliable foundation for building or
establishing a moral theory because of what reasons? (Choose 2). Answer: 1. not
everyone agrees on religion
● If we are constructing a moral argument, and we establish a premise based upon a
truth evaluable state of affairs in the real world (as opposed to a subjective viewpoint)
we are building a premise on .. Answer: moral objectivism
● is the universalization of moral principles to construct rigid moral laws, laws which
have no exceptions.. Answer: Moral absolutism
● A valid deductive argument, in which all the premises are true, will always
necessarily provide a true conclusion.. Answer: True
● Stating explicitly what something is or stating explicitly what something is not are
useful qualities of _______ reasoning.. Answer: deductive
● If a term is too vague or a conclusion it too broad, you can use _____- instances
which prove a generalization false.. Answer: counterexamples
● Cogent inductive arguments lend ____ support to a conclusion.. Answer: probable
● Do you think that this is an optimistic or pessimistic portrayal of America's future?.
Answer: After reading "Paradox and Dream" by Steinbeck, he conveys a negative image of
Americans and the American dream. Steinbeck is stereotyping the American people. Yes,
Steinbeck has justified what he is stereotyping. I think that Steinbeck gave a pessimistic
, portrayal of America's future.
● What might be a solution to dealing with the problem of internet trolling?. Answer:
The meaning of gatekeeper is criticizing the way others do something. For example,
gatekeeper behavior would be criticizing the way your ex-husband parents your kids. By the
assertion "the core intent of trolling is... not just to provoke, but to run away from the
responsibility of the joke itself" means that people have the audacity to say something, but
then want to leave the situation when they cannot handle it anymore or do not want to take
responsibility for what they said. A possible solution to internet trolling would be for people to
start going by the old saying "if you do not have anything nice to say then do not say
anything."
● Either the point at which people are willing to do bad in order to bring about the
good, or the point at which people are no longer willing to allow the good because of
the bad side effects is called ____.. Answer: moral threshold
● As opposed to Jeremy Bentham, who believed all goods were quantifiably equal,
John Stewart Mill argued that goods ____.. Answer: are qualitatively different
● When something has intrinsic value, it means that _____.. Answer: it is good for its own
sake, in and of itself
● Because we are unable to know the future, and accurately predict how our moral
actions will turn out, utilitarian's may experience ___ wherein they are unable to make
moral decisions in a timely manner.. Answer: moral paralysis
● ___ is a consequentialist moral theory where the moral correctness is determined by
maximizing the overall happiness of the acting moral agent only, not for the greatest
number.. Answer: Ethical Egoism
● According to Mill's harm principle, "the only purpose for which power may be
rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community... is to prevent harm to
others.". Answer: True
● Utilitarian moral consideration require of us ________________________ - that we
assume every individual has equal moral weight.. Answer: impartiality
● John Stuart Mill believed that ________________ is more important that attaining
happiness.. Answer: eliminating suffering
● Ethical egoism means acting in one's own self-interest, which is essentially the same
as always acting purely selfishly.. Answer: false
ANSWERS GRADED A+
● For an action to be considered a moral action, it must be ________________.. Answer:
Voluntary, deliberate, rational
● Your friend offers you some moral advice: "If you can't say anything nice, don't say
anything at all. "Your friend has espoused what kind of moral theory?. Answer:
Normative Ethics
● When we start asking questions about why some moral principles are the way they
are, or about the rules which guide those principles, we are doing .. Answer: metaethics
● The text book notes that religion is not a reliable foundation for building or
establishing a moral theory because of what reasons? (Choose 2). Answer: 1. not
everyone agrees on religion
● If we are constructing a moral argument, and we establish a premise based upon a
truth evaluable state of affairs in the real world (as opposed to a subjective viewpoint)
we are building a premise on .. Answer: moral objectivism
● is the universalization of moral principles to construct rigid moral laws, laws which
have no exceptions.. Answer: Moral absolutism
● A valid deductive argument, in which all the premises are true, will always
necessarily provide a true conclusion.. Answer: True
● Stating explicitly what something is or stating explicitly what something is not are
useful qualities of _______ reasoning.. Answer: deductive
● If a term is too vague or a conclusion it too broad, you can use _____- instances
which prove a generalization false.. Answer: counterexamples
● Cogent inductive arguments lend ____ support to a conclusion.. Answer: probable
● Do you think that this is an optimistic or pessimistic portrayal of America's future?.
Answer: After reading "Paradox and Dream" by Steinbeck, he conveys a negative image of
Americans and the American dream. Steinbeck is stereotyping the American people. Yes,
Steinbeck has justified what he is stereotyping. I think that Steinbeck gave a pessimistic
, portrayal of America's future.
● What might be a solution to dealing with the problem of internet trolling?. Answer:
The meaning of gatekeeper is criticizing the way others do something. For example,
gatekeeper behavior would be criticizing the way your ex-husband parents your kids. By the
assertion "the core intent of trolling is... not just to provoke, but to run away from the
responsibility of the joke itself" means that people have the audacity to say something, but
then want to leave the situation when they cannot handle it anymore or do not want to take
responsibility for what they said. A possible solution to internet trolling would be for people to
start going by the old saying "if you do not have anything nice to say then do not say
anything."
● Either the point at which people are willing to do bad in order to bring about the
good, or the point at which people are no longer willing to allow the good because of
the bad side effects is called ____.. Answer: moral threshold
● As opposed to Jeremy Bentham, who believed all goods were quantifiably equal,
John Stewart Mill argued that goods ____.. Answer: are qualitatively different
● When something has intrinsic value, it means that _____.. Answer: it is good for its own
sake, in and of itself
● Because we are unable to know the future, and accurately predict how our moral
actions will turn out, utilitarian's may experience ___ wherein they are unable to make
moral decisions in a timely manner.. Answer: moral paralysis
● ___ is a consequentialist moral theory where the moral correctness is determined by
maximizing the overall happiness of the acting moral agent only, not for the greatest
number.. Answer: Ethical Egoism
● According to Mill's harm principle, "the only purpose for which power may be
rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community... is to prevent harm to
others.". Answer: True
● Utilitarian moral consideration require of us ________________________ - that we
assume every individual has equal moral weight.. Answer: impartiality
● John Stuart Mill believed that ________________ is more important that attaining
happiness.. Answer: eliminating suffering
● Ethical egoism means acting in one's own self-interest, which is essentially the same
as always acting purely selfishly.. Answer: false
