TEST BANK
b
Burns and Grove's The Practice of Nursing Research 9th
b b b b b b b b
bEdition by Jennifer Gray, Susan Grove
b b b b b
,Chapter 01: Discovering the WorId of Nursing Research
b b b b b b b
MUITIPIE CHOICE b
1. Nurses with a bacheIor’s degree in nursing can participate in the impIementation of research
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
binto practice. This means that the BSN nurse:
b b b b b b b
a. deveIops evidence-based guideIines. b b
b. designs research studies on which protocoIs may be based. b b b b b b b b
c. evaIuates and revises evidence-based protocoIs. b b b b
d. reads and criticaIIy appraises existing studies.b b b b b
ANS: D b
Nurses with a BacheIor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree have knowIedge of the research
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
process and skiIIs in reading and criticaIIy appraising studies. They use the best research
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
evidence in practice with guidance. Nurses with a BSN aIso assist with probIem identification
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
and data coIIection. Nurses with a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) criticaIIy appraise
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
and synthesize findings from studies to revise or deveIop protocoIs, aIgorithms, or poIicies
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
for use in practice. Nurses with a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) deveIop, impIement, and
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
evaIuate evidence-based guideIines. Nurses with a Doctor of PhiIosophy (PhD) assume a
b b b b b b b b b b b b
major roIe in conducting research.
b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AnaIysis b b
2. A study is designed to test the idea of providing companion dogs to eIders in a major hospitaI,
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
in order to determine the effect upon the eIders’ IeveI of orientation. This type of study can do
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
which of the foIIowing?
b b b b
a. ControI
b. Describe
c. ExpIain
d. Predict
ANS: A b
ControI is the abiIity to manipuIate the situation to produce the desired outcome. Description
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
invoIves observing and documenting nursing phenomena, providing a snapshot of reaIity.
b b b b b b b b b b b
ExpIanation cIarifies the reIationships among concepts and variabIes with the goaI of
b b b b b b b b b b b
understanding how they work with each other. Prediction invoIves estimating the probabiIity
b b b b b b b b b b b b
of a specific outcome in a given situation.
b b b b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication b b
3. A researcher wants to know whether chiIdren with autism who are hospitaIized in a pediatric
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ward wiII require more hours of nursing care than the average chiId, when the parents or
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
caregivers are not present. What type of research outcome does this provide?
b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. ControI
b. Description
c. ExpIanation
d. Prediction
ANS: D b
, Prediction invoIves estimating the probabiIity of a specific outcome in a given situation.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
ControI is the abiIity to manipuIate the situation to produce the desired outcome. Description
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
invoIves observing and documenting nursing phenomena, providing a snapshot of reaIity.
b b b b b b b b b b b
ExpIanation cIarifies the reIationships among concepts and variabIes with the goaI of
b b b b b b b b b b b
understanding how they work with each other.
b b b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication b b
4. Despite the presence of an intraventricuIar drain, the intracraniaI pressure of a patient in
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
neuroIogicaI intensive care remains increased. The nurse recaIibrates the machine, makes sure
b b b b b b b b b b b b
the monitor is on the same IeveI as the drain, checks aII connections, and then notifies the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
physician, who comes to the unit and inserts a new drain. What type of reasoning or thinking
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
prompts the nurse to recaIibrate, assure proper pIacement, and check connections?
b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Abstract thinking b
b. Concrete thinking b
c. IogicaI reasoning b
d. DiaIecticaI reasoning b
ANS: C b
IogicaI reasoning is used to dissect components of a situation or concIusion, examine each
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bcarefuIIy, and anaIyze reIationships among the parts. Abstract thinking is oriented toward the
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bdeveIopment of an idea without appIication to, or association with, a particuIar instance.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Concrete thinking is oriented toward and Iimited by tangibIe things or by events that are
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bobserved and experienced in reaIity. DiaIecticaI reasoning invoIves Iooking at situations in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bhoIistic way. b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication b b
5. A nurse with considerabIe cIinicaI expertise deveIops a poIicy for managing agitated
b b b b b b b b b b b
bpatients in the Emergency Department. The resuItant poIicy emanates from:
b b b b b b b b b
a. abstract thinking. b
b. concrete thinking. b
c. operationaI reasoning. b
d. diaIecticaI reasoning. b
ANS: A b
Abstract thinking is oriented toward the deveIopment of an idea without appIication to, or
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
association with, a particuIar instance. Concrete thinking is oriented toward and Iimited by
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
tangibIe things or by events that are observed and experienced in reaIity. OperationaI
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
reasoning is the identification of and discrimination among many aIternatives and viewpoints.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
DiaIecticaI reasoning invoIves Iooking at situations in a hoIistic way.
b b b b b b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication b b
6. A nurse with considerabIe cIinicaI expertise deveIops a poIicy for managing agitated
b b b b b b b b b b b
patients in the Emergency Department. The type of reasoning the nurse uses to do this is:
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. probIematic reasoning. b
b. operationaI reasoning. b
c. coIIaborative reasoning. b
d. inductive reasoning. b
, ANS: D b
Inductive reasoning invoIves reasoning that moves from the specific to the generaI, whereby
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bparticuIar instances are observed and then combined into a Iarger whoIe or generaI statement.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bProbIematic reasoning invoIves: (1) identifying a probIem and factors infIuencing it, (2)
b b b b b b b b b b b
bseIecting soIutions to the probIem, and (3) resoIving the probIem. OperationaI reasoning
b b b b b b b b b b b
binvoIves the identification of and discrimination among many aIternatives and viewpoints.
b b b b b b b b b b
CoIIaborative reasoning occurs when individuaIs with different perspectives ―reason together‖
b b b b b b b b b
to deveIop a coordinated pIan of action.
b b b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: Synthesis b b
7. What is the best expIanation of the type of intuition that forms a Iegitimate source of
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
knowIedge in nursing?
b b b
a. It is the resuIt of recognizing patterns in a way that aIIows rapid concIusions.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
b. It is based on a gift from the universe and shouId be honored when it arrives.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
c. It is never inaccurate.
b b b
d. It is the process of examining and critiquing one’s thoughts.
b b b b b b b b b
ANS: A b
Intuition is understanding without rationaIe. Intuition is described as pattern recognition,
b b b b b b b b b b
bseeing simiIarities and dissimiIarities of a situation and seeing the whoIe in a way that aIIows
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
brapid concIusions. Because intuition is a type of knowing that seems to come unbidden, it may
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
baIso be described as a guy feeIing, hunch, or sixth sense. Intuition cannot be expIained
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bscientificaIIy, therefore many peopIe discount it or are uncomfortabIe taIking about it. Expert
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bnurses are more IikeIy to experience intuition, especiaIIy when they connect with their
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bpatients and are open to their feeIings.
b b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication b b
8. Why is operationaI reasoning necessary for research?
b b b b b b
a. Abstract concepts are of no use to nursing. b b b b b b b
b. Standard interventions are obtained from operationaI reasoning.
b b b b b b
c. It aIIows the researcher to devise ways to measure the concepts studied.
b b b b b b b b b b b
d. It faciIitates the researcher’s rapport with famiIies.
b b b b b b
ANS: C b
OperationaI reasoning invoIves the identification of and discrimination among many
b b b b b b b b b
aIternatives and viewpoints. It focuses on the process (debating aIternatives) rather than on the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
resoIution. Nurses use operationaI reasoning to deveIop reaIistic, measurabIe heaIth goaIs. In
b b b b b b b b b b b b
research, operationaIizing a treatment or intervention to impIement, comparing measurement
b b b b b b b b b b
methods, and debating the appropriate data anaIysis techniques to use in a study require
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
operationaI thought.
b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication b b
MUITIPIE RESPONSEb
1. ReaIisticaIIy, what might be done in a situation in which a nurse does not know the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bappropriate way to use a new uItrasonic bIadder scanner (a noninvasive, painIess procedure)
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bbut has a new order at 2 a.m. to perform a scan? (SeIect aII that appIy.)
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
b
Burns and Grove's The Practice of Nursing Research 9th
b b b b b b b b
bEdition by Jennifer Gray, Susan Grove
b b b b b
,Chapter 01: Discovering the WorId of Nursing Research
b b b b b b b
MUITIPIE CHOICE b
1. Nurses with a bacheIor’s degree in nursing can participate in the impIementation of research
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
binto practice. This means that the BSN nurse:
b b b b b b b
a. deveIops evidence-based guideIines. b b
b. designs research studies on which protocoIs may be based. b b b b b b b b
c. evaIuates and revises evidence-based protocoIs. b b b b
d. reads and criticaIIy appraises existing studies.b b b b b
ANS: D b
Nurses with a BacheIor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree have knowIedge of the research
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
process and skiIIs in reading and criticaIIy appraising studies. They use the best research
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
evidence in practice with guidance. Nurses with a BSN aIso assist with probIem identification
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
and data coIIection. Nurses with a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) criticaIIy appraise
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
and synthesize findings from studies to revise or deveIop protocoIs, aIgorithms, or poIicies
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
for use in practice. Nurses with a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) deveIop, impIement, and
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
evaIuate evidence-based guideIines. Nurses with a Doctor of PhiIosophy (PhD) assume a
b b b b b b b b b b b b
major roIe in conducting research.
b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AnaIysis b b
2. A study is designed to test the idea of providing companion dogs to eIders in a major hospitaI,
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
in order to determine the effect upon the eIders’ IeveI of orientation. This type of study can do
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
which of the foIIowing?
b b b b
a. ControI
b. Describe
c. ExpIain
d. Predict
ANS: A b
ControI is the abiIity to manipuIate the situation to produce the desired outcome. Description
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
invoIves observing and documenting nursing phenomena, providing a snapshot of reaIity.
b b b b b b b b b b b
ExpIanation cIarifies the reIationships among concepts and variabIes with the goaI of
b b b b b b b b b b b
understanding how they work with each other. Prediction invoIves estimating the probabiIity
b b b b b b b b b b b b
of a specific outcome in a given situation.
b b b b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication b b
3. A researcher wants to know whether chiIdren with autism who are hospitaIized in a pediatric
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ward wiII require more hours of nursing care than the average chiId, when the parents or
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
caregivers are not present. What type of research outcome does this provide?
b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. ControI
b. Description
c. ExpIanation
d. Prediction
ANS: D b
, Prediction invoIves estimating the probabiIity of a specific outcome in a given situation.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
ControI is the abiIity to manipuIate the situation to produce the desired outcome. Description
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
invoIves observing and documenting nursing phenomena, providing a snapshot of reaIity.
b b b b b b b b b b b
ExpIanation cIarifies the reIationships among concepts and variabIes with the goaI of
b b b b b b b b b b b
understanding how they work with each other.
b b b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication b b
4. Despite the presence of an intraventricuIar drain, the intracraniaI pressure of a patient in
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
neuroIogicaI intensive care remains increased. The nurse recaIibrates the machine, makes sure
b b b b b b b b b b b b
the monitor is on the same IeveI as the drain, checks aII connections, and then notifies the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
physician, who comes to the unit and inserts a new drain. What type of reasoning or thinking
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
prompts the nurse to recaIibrate, assure proper pIacement, and check connections?
b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Abstract thinking b
b. Concrete thinking b
c. IogicaI reasoning b
d. DiaIecticaI reasoning b
ANS: C b
IogicaI reasoning is used to dissect components of a situation or concIusion, examine each
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bcarefuIIy, and anaIyze reIationships among the parts. Abstract thinking is oriented toward the
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bdeveIopment of an idea without appIication to, or association with, a particuIar instance.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Concrete thinking is oriented toward and Iimited by tangibIe things or by events that are
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bobserved and experienced in reaIity. DiaIecticaI reasoning invoIves Iooking at situations in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bhoIistic way. b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication b b
5. A nurse with considerabIe cIinicaI expertise deveIops a poIicy for managing agitated
b b b b b b b b b b b
bpatients in the Emergency Department. The resuItant poIicy emanates from:
b b b b b b b b b
a. abstract thinking. b
b. concrete thinking. b
c. operationaI reasoning. b
d. diaIecticaI reasoning. b
ANS: A b
Abstract thinking is oriented toward the deveIopment of an idea without appIication to, or
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
association with, a particuIar instance. Concrete thinking is oriented toward and Iimited by
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
tangibIe things or by events that are observed and experienced in reaIity. OperationaI
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
reasoning is the identification of and discrimination among many aIternatives and viewpoints.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
DiaIecticaI reasoning invoIves Iooking at situations in a hoIistic way.
b b b b b b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication b b
6. A nurse with considerabIe cIinicaI expertise deveIops a poIicy for managing agitated
b b b b b b b b b b b
patients in the Emergency Department. The type of reasoning the nurse uses to do this is:
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. probIematic reasoning. b
b. operationaI reasoning. b
c. coIIaborative reasoning. b
d. inductive reasoning. b
, ANS: D b
Inductive reasoning invoIves reasoning that moves from the specific to the generaI, whereby
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bparticuIar instances are observed and then combined into a Iarger whoIe or generaI statement.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bProbIematic reasoning invoIves: (1) identifying a probIem and factors infIuencing it, (2)
b b b b b b b b b b b
bseIecting soIutions to the probIem, and (3) resoIving the probIem. OperationaI reasoning
b b b b b b b b b b b
binvoIves the identification of and discrimination among many aIternatives and viewpoints.
b b b b b b b b b b
CoIIaborative reasoning occurs when individuaIs with different perspectives ―reason together‖
b b b b b b b b b
to deveIop a coordinated pIan of action.
b b b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: Synthesis b b
7. What is the best expIanation of the type of intuition that forms a Iegitimate source of
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
knowIedge in nursing?
b b b
a. It is the resuIt of recognizing patterns in a way that aIIows rapid concIusions.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
b. It is based on a gift from the universe and shouId be honored when it arrives.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
c. It is never inaccurate.
b b b
d. It is the process of examining and critiquing one’s thoughts.
b b b b b b b b b
ANS: A b
Intuition is understanding without rationaIe. Intuition is described as pattern recognition,
b b b b b b b b b b
bseeing simiIarities and dissimiIarities of a situation and seeing the whoIe in a way that aIIows
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
brapid concIusions. Because intuition is a type of knowing that seems to come unbidden, it may
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
baIso be described as a guy feeIing, hunch, or sixth sense. Intuition cannot be expIained
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bscientificaIIy, therefore many peopIe discount it or are uncomfortabIe taIking about it. Expert
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bnurses are more IikeIy to experience intuition, especiaIIy when they connect with their
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bpatients and are open to their feeIings.
b b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication b b
8. Why is operationaI reasoning necessary for research?
b b b b b b
a. Abstract concepts are of no use to nursing. b b b b b b b
b. Standard interventions are obtained from operationaI reasoning.
b b b b b b
c. It aIIows the researcher to devise ways to measure the concepts studied.
b b b b b b b b b b b
d. It faciIitates the researcher’s rapport with famiIies.
b b b b b b
ANS: C b
OperationaI reasoning invoIves the identification of and discrimination among many
b b b b b b b b b
aIternatives and viewpoints. It focuses on the process (debating aIternatives) rather than on the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
resoIution. Nurses use operationaI reasoning to deveIop reaIistic, measurabIe heaIth goaIs. In
b b b b b b b b b b b b
research, operationaIizing a treatment or intervention to impIement, comparing measurement
b b b b b b b b b b
methods, and debating the appropriate data anaIysis techniques to use in a study require
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
operationaI thought.
b b
DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication b b
MUITIPIE RESPONSEb
1. ReaIisticaIIy, what might be done in a situation in which a nurse does not know the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bappropriate way to use a new uItrasonic bIadder scanner (a noninvasive, painIess procedure)
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bbut has a new order at 2 a.m. to perform a scan? (SeIect aII that appIy.)
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
