OTD 433 STUDY SHEET FULL SET 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
>> biophysiology factors
Answer: __ factors determine if we are doing NMES?
>> biophysiological effects
Answer: when it comes comes to the use of electricity, it has magnetic,
thermal, mechanical, and chemical _____effects to the person?
>> electric current
Answer: what is the movement of free electrons from one atom to another
causing a change in magnetic thermal mechanical and chemical effects to the
whole motor unit?
>> created by an imbalance in the number of electrons between the 2 points you
place the electrodes
Answer: with the use if electricity and electrical current, "force is created by
what?
>> flows through the path of least resistance
Answer: what is the path through the body that electricity flows through?
>> direct, alternating, pulsatile
Answer: what are the 3 forms of therapeutic current?
>> therapeutic outcomes
Answer: clinically different currents and electrical stimulation parameters
are chosen to treat condition/pathology, client factors, and for desired what
,?
>> direct current
Answer: what type of current is called galvanic, it is monophasic, only one
direction, of uninterrupted flow of charged particles that flow from + to - or
vise versa, -to+. these are delivered continuously until the current is turned
off?
>> •Acidic reactions occur at anode (+) & Alkaline reactions at cathode (-)
Result in a high accumulation of ions under the electrodes, appearing as
irritation, redness, or other reaction based on high acidity or alkalinity
Answer: what is the chemical reactions that occur due to direct current
(galvanic) in the body?
>> direct current
Answer: these are examples of the use of what kind of current? ionto, ems,
and estr
>> direct current
Answer: what type of current does ionto use?
>> alternating current
Answer: what kind of current is this, is bidirectional/biphasic the electrons
shuffle back and forth between the 2 electrodes and reverses, there is no true
positive or negative charge aka it does not result in a positive or negative
charge, Goes from + to - to + to -, aka alternating between + and -?
>> alternating current
Answer: everyday household electricity and tens, fes and nmes are all
examples what what type of current?
>> alternating current
,Answer: what type of current does tens use?
>> alternating current
Answer: what type of current does nmes use?
>> it is a periodically interrupted flow of charged particles. it can be
unidirectional(monophasic/direct) or bidirectional (biphasic/alternating). a device
that provides the electrical current will deliverer it in different pulses that will be
in a group or in one individual pulse. clinically it is dependent on whether DC or
AC, and may be pulsed individually or as a group.
Answer: what is pulsatile current ?
>> below=negative
above=positive
Answer: when it comes to graphing current baseline is 0 below the line is ___
and above the line is ___?
>> polyphasic wave
Answer: what type of way form is this ?
>> biphasic wave
Answer: number 3 is what kind of wave, it will be one positive and one
negative then break?
>> monophasic wave
Answer: number 1 is what kind of wave it will be just one then brake?
>> alternating
Answer: is alternating current or direct current, biphasic?
>> direct
, Answer: is alternating current or direct current, monophasic?
>> waveform
Answer: what is the term that describes the picture of the current, it include
shape, direction, amplitude, duration, and frequency?
>> pulse
Answer: what do you call the total areal or total shape within the waveform
that represent total current?
>> monophasic, biphasic, polyphasic
Answer: what are the 3 pulsatile wave forms?
>> intensity
Answer: what do you call how strong the current/force of the associated
contraction, you will adjust this to the persons tolerance and get muscle
teckne. it is also called amplitude?
>> the level of intensity measured in ampers, microamperes or millaimperes mA
Answer: what is peak amplitude?
>> mA
Answer: what is intensity units ?
>> pulse duration
Answer: what do you call the total length of the current pulse, how long the
electrical flow is on, how long the pulse lasts. it the time of one cycle to take
place, longer duration=deeper penetration, if this is to short there will be 0
AP we need/want and AP. is called width
>> longer
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
>> biophysiology factors
Answer: __ factors determine if we are doing NMES?
>> biophysiological effects
Answer: when it comes comes to the use of electricity, it has magnetic,
thermal, mechanical, and chemical _____effects to the person?
>> electric current
Answer: what is the movement of free electrons from one atom to another
causing a change in magnetic thermal mechanical and chemical effects to the
whole motor unit?
>> created by an imbalance in the number of electrons between the 2 points you
place the electrodes
Answer: with the use if electricity and electrical current, "force is created by
what?
>> flows through the path of least resistance
Answer: what is the path through the body that electricity flows through?
>> direct, alternating, pulsatile
Answer: what are the 3 forms of therapeutic current?
>> therapeutic outcomes
Answer: clinically different currents and electrical stimulation parameters
are chosen to treat condition/pathology, client factors, and for desired what
,?
>> direct current
Answer: what type of current is called galvanic, it is monophasic, only one
direction, of uninterrupted flow of charged particles that flow from + to - or
vise versa, -to+. these are delivered continuously until the current is turned
off?
>> •Acidic reactions occur at anode (+) & Alkaline reactions at cathode (-)
Result in a high accumulation of ions under the electrodes, appearing as
irritation, redness, or other reaction based on high acidity or alkalinity
Answer: what is the chemical reactions that occur due to direct current
(galvanic) in the body?
>> direct current
Answer: these are examples of the use of what kind of current? ionto, ems,
and estr
>> direct current
Answer: what type of current does ionto use?
>> alternating current
Answer: what kind of current is this, is bidirectional/biphasic the electrons
shuffle back and forth between the 2 electrodes and reverses, there is no true
positive or negative charge aka it does not result in a positive or negative
charge, Goes from + to - to + to -, aka alternating between + and -?
>> alternating current
Answer: everyday household electricity and tens, fes and nmes are all
examples what what type of current?
>> alternating current
,Answer: what type of current does tens use?
>> alternating current
Answer: what type of current does nmes use?
>> it is a periodically interrupted flow of charged particles. it can be
unidirectional(monophasic/direct) or bidirectional (biphasic/alternating). a device
that provides the electrical current will deliverer it in different pulses that will be
in a group or in one individual pulse. clinically it is dependent on whether DC or
AC, and may be pulsed individually or as a group.
Answer: what is pulsatile current ?
>> below=negative
above=positive
Answer: when it comes to graphing current baseline is 0 below the line is ___
and above the line is ___?
>> polyphasic wave
Answer: what type of way form is this ?
>> biphasic wave
Answer: number 3 is what kind of wave, it will be one positive and one
negative then break?
>> monophasic wave
Answer: number 1 is what kind of wave it will be just one then brake?
>> alternating
Answer: is alternating current or direct current, biphasic?
>> direct
, Answer: is alternating current or direct current, monophasic?
>> waveform
Answer: what is the term that describes the picture of the current, it include
shape, direction, amplitude, duration, and frequency?
>> pulse
Answer: what do you call the total areal or total shape within the waveform
that represent total current?
>> monophasic, biphasic, polyphasic
Answer: what are the 3 pulsatile wave forms?
>> intensity
Answer: what do you call how strong the current/force of the associated
contraction, you will adjust this to the persons tolerance and get muscle
teckne. it is also called amplitude?
>> the level of intensity measured in ampers, microamperes or millaimperes mA
Answer: what is peak amplitude?
>> mA
Answer: what is intensity units ?
>> pulse duration
Answer: what do you call the total length of the current pulse, how long the
electrical flow is on, how long the pulse lasts. it the time of one cycle to take
place, longer duration=deeper penetration, if this is to short there will be 0
AP we need/want and AP. is called width
>> longer
