How is gasification checked in the Multiple-Tube Fermentation Test?
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After 24 & 48 hrs
Anaerobic Digestion (Mesophilic): VA's, ALK, VA/ALK ratio, pH, ft3gas/lbVSdestroyed,
VSR, CO2, CH4, temp, Organic Loading.
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VA 50 to 300 mg/L as acetic acid.
VA/ALK ratio <0.1
ALK 2,500 to 3,500 mg/L expressed by the lab as calcium carbonate, but
bicarbonate is the main source of ALK.
pH 7.00 to 7.20.
Gas production is 12 to 18 ft3gas/lbVSdestroyed.
CO2 30 to 35%
, CH4 62 to 70%
VSR 50 to 60%
Organic loading 0.15 to 0.40 lbVS/d.ft3
Temp 95 to 104 degrees F
Forms of Nitrogen
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NH4+, NH3, NO2, NO3, N2, Organic Nitrogen.
NH3, NO2 and NO3 are often expressed at "N" Nitrogen.
TKN = NH3/NH4+ -N + Organic Nitrogen.
TIN = NO2 -N + NO3 -N + NH3/NH4 -N
TN = NO2 -N + NO3 -N + NH3/NH4 -N + Organic Nitrogen
NH4+ & NH3 are in chemical equilibrium, dependent on pH & water temp.
Analytically NH3 & NH4+ are measured together as NH3.
NH3 un-ionized is toxic to fish & aquatic life.
Anaerobic Digestion: Auxiliary Equipment
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Thief hole.
Manometer.
Sludge sampling manifold.
Overflow pipe.
Sight glass.
Recirculation pump.
Sludge pump.
Sludge density meter.
,Motor or Meter Power (Pm)
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Motor or meter power (Pm) = Input power to the motor. Expressed in either
kW or HP, rarely is it expressed as [ft.lb].
The meter records the connected power and the duration that the power is
being consumed. (Power x Time = Energy)
When calculating electrical cost
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Motor power (Pm) is ALMOST always converted to kW then multiplied by
the number of hours connected over a billing period. (kW x h = kWh)
What is an example of biodegradable industrial waste compatible with the secondary
treatment process?
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Ethylene Glycol - Used for icy roads.
H.friction
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, Always added to H.static to get TDH (Note: x amount of feet is needed to
push the water higher due to frictional loses at bend, elbows, etc.)
Dewatering Centrifuge
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Has centrate & sludge cake discharge (separate), differential speed etc.
Bowl speed: from 800 to 3,600 RPM's (500 to 3,000 G's), higher the speed
the dryer the cake/
Differential scroll speed: The difference of bowl and scroll speed. Also, it
controls how fast solids are removed and the time spent on the beach.
Modern types, control this with a torque controller automatically. Greater
the torque, the greater the %TS.
Increased differential speed produces wet cake.
Pool depth is controlled by weir plate or dam.
The greater the pool depth means wet cake but good centrate.
High polymer dose produces foamy centrate (a waste of money), low poly
dose produces a low PSR.
Greater the primary sludge the better (digester or not).
Performance factors: (1) Poly dose - sludge conditioning (2) Sludge feed:
primary or was (only). The mixture will affect performance.
What does 'Break Power (Pb)' refer to?
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Output power of the motor
Pb = Pm x .Em
Primary [Performance] - TSS removal & BOD removal
Give this one a try later!
After 24 & 48 hrs
Anaerobic Digestion (Mesophilic): VA's, ALK, VA/ALK ratio, pH, ft3gas/lbVSdestroyed,
VSR, CO2, CH4, temp, Organic Loading.
Give this one a try later!
VA 50 to 300 mg/L as acetic acid.
VA/ALK ratio <0.1
ALK 2,500 to 3,500 mg/L expressed by the lab as calcium carbonate, but
bicarbonate is the main source of ALK.
pH 7.00 to 7.20.
Gas production is 12 to 18 ft3gas/lbVSdestroyed.
CO2 30 to 35%
, CH4 62 to 70%
VSR 50 to 60%
Organic loading 0.15 to 0.40 lbVS/d.ft3
Temp 95 to 104 degrees F
Forms of Nitrogen
Give this one a try later!
NH4+, NH3, NO2, NO3, N2, Organic Nitrogen.
NH3, NO2 and NO3 are often expressed at "N" Nitrogen.
TKN = NH3/NH4+ -N + Organic Nitrogen.
TIN = NO2 -N + NO3 -N + NH3/NH4 -N
TN = NO2 -N + NO3 -N + NH3/NH4 -N + Organic Nitrogen
NH4+ & NH3 are in chemical equilibrium, dependent on pH & water temp.
Analytically NH3 & NH4+ are measured together as NH3.
NH3 un-ionized is toxic to fish & aquatic life.
Anaerobic Digestion: Auxiliary Equipment
Give this one a try later!
Thief hole.
Manometer.
Sludge sampling manifold.
Overflow pipe.
Sight glass.
Recirculation pump.
Sludge pump.
Sludge density meter.
,Motor or Meter Power (Pm)
Give this one a try later!
Motor or meter power (Pm) = Input power to the motor. Expressed in either
kW or HP, rarely is it expressed as [ft.lb].
The meter records the connected power and the duration that the power is
being consumed. (Power x Time = Energy)
When calculating electrical cost
Give this one a try later!
Motor power (Pm) is ALMOST always converted to kW then multiplied by
the number of hours connected over a billing period. (kW x h = kWh)
What is an example of biodegradable industrial waste compatible with the secondary
treatment process?
Give this one a try later!
Ethylene Glycol - Used for icy roads.
H.friction
Give this one a try later!
, Always added to H.static to get TDH (Note: x amount of feet is needed to
push the water higher due to frictional loses at bend, elbows, etc.)
Dewatering Centrifuge
Give this one a try later!
Has centrate & sludge cake discharge (separate), differential speed etc.
Bowl speed: from 800 to 3,600 RPM's (500 to 3,000 G's), higher the speed
the dryer the cake/
Differential scroll speed: The difference of bowl and scroll speed. Also, it
controls how fast solids are removed and the time spent on the beach.
Modern types, control this with a torque controller automatically. Greater
the torque, the greater the %TS.
Increased differential speed produces wet cake.
Pool depth is controlled by weir plate or dam.
The greater the pool depth means wet cake but good centrate.
High polymer dose produces foamy centrate (a waste of money), low poly
dose produces a low PSR.
Greater the primary sludge the better (digester or not).
Performance factors: (1) Poly dose - sludge conditioning (2) Sludge feed:
primary or was (only). The mixture will affect performance.
What does 'Break Power (Pb)' refer to?
Give this one a try later!
Output power of the motor
Pb = Pm x .Em
Primary [Performance] - TSS removal & BOD removal
