N6101- UNIT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED
concept - ANSWER is a term that abstractly describes and names an object, a
phenomenon, or an idea, thus providing it with a distinct identity or meaning.
Replication - ANSWER involves repeating a research study to determine whether its
findings are reproducible.
Type I error - ANSWER This means that the researcher will allow for a 5% or lower
probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is indeed true.
Type II error - ANSWER The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is false
Key Points - ANSWER A research problem is an area in which there is a gap in nursing's
knowledge base. The typical research problem includes background, a problem
statement, and a justification for the significance of research in the area.
• The major source for nursing research problems is clinical nursing practice. Other
good sources are discussions with peers, review of professional journals, and research
priorities identified by specialty groups and professional organizations. Theories are
fruitful sources for research problems for experienced researchers.
• Replication is essential for the development of evidence-based knowledge for practice
and consists of four types: exact, approximate, concurrent, and systematic.
• The research purpose is the stated reason for conduct of a study. The purpose usually
hints at whether the study will be interventional or non-interventional, and sometimes at
the study design. Typically it mentions the population and the study's variables or
factors of interest.
• Once the research purpose is decided upon, the research question can be formulated.
If appropriate, a research hypothesis can then be developed to further direct the study.
• The feasibility of research problem and purpose is determined by access to research
subjects and data, availability of sufficient numbers of willing potential subjects,
researcher expertise or ability to collaborate with knowledgeable others, financial
resources that will cover the costs of the study, sufficient time for study completion, a
,manageable-sized purpose, and ethical approval from human subjects committees.
• If a purpose and problem present major feasibility concerns, the wise researcher
revisits the iterative process and redesigns the study.
independent variable - ANSWER is the intervention or treatment that the researcher
applies to the experimental group but not to the control group
dependent variable - ANSWER is so called because it depends on the action of the
independent variable
Extraneous variables - ANSWER are variables that are not central to a study's research
purpose: they are not identified as either independent or dependent variables. An
extraneous variable has a potential effect on the results, however, making the
independent variable appear more or less powerful than it really is in its effect on the
value of the dependent variable.
confounding variable - ANSWER is a special subtype of extraneous variable, but it is
unique in that it is embedded in the study design because it is intertwined with the
independent variable.
null hypothesis (H0 ), - ANSWER also referred to as a statistical hypothesis, is used for
statistical testing and interpretation of results.
Even if the null hypothesis is not stated, it may be derived by stating the opposite of the
research hypothesis.
literature review - ANSWER of a research report is an interpretative, organized, and
written presentation of what the study's author has read. The purpose of conducting a
review of the literature is to discover the most recent, and the most relevant,
information about a particular phenomenon.
Landmark studies - ANSWER are published research that led to an important
development or a turning point in a certain field of study
, primary source - ANSWER written by the person who originated, or is responsible for
generating, the ideas published
secondary source - ANSWER summarizes or quotes content from primary sources. (In
historical research, primary and secondary source materials have slightly different
definitions.
Key Points - ANSWER • A literature review consists of all written sources relevant to the
selected topic. It is an interpretative, organized, and logically written presentation of
what the study's author has read.
• Reviewing the existing literature related to a research topic is a critical step in the
research process.
• One of the goals of reviewing the literature is identifying a gap in the literature.
Information from the literature review guides the development of the statement of the
research problem.
• Two types of literature predominate in the review of literature for research: theoretical
and empirical.
• Theoretical literature consists of concept analyses, models, theories, and conceptual
frameworks that support a selected research problem and purpose.
• Empirical literature is comprised of relevant studies in journals and books as well as
unpublished studies, such as master's theses and doctoral dissertations.
• With use of a systems approach, the three major stages of a literature review are
searching the literature (input), processing the literature (throughput), and writing the
literature review (output).
• Searching the literature begins with a written plan for the review that is maintained as
a search history during the first stage of the literature review.
• Searching the literature requires use of bibliographical databases. Using a reference
management system may be helpful for organizing retrieved sources and creating
reference lists.
• Processing the literature requires the researcher to read, critically appraise, analyze,
and synthesize the information that has been retrieved.
framework - ANSWER A theoretical framework is an abstract, logical structure of
meaning that guides the development of a study and enables the researcher to link the
findings to the body of knowledge in nursing
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED
concept - ANSWER is a term that abstractly describes and names an object, a
phenomenon, or an idea, thus providing it with a distinct identity or meaning.
Replication - ANSWER involves repeating a research study to determine whether its
findings are reproducible.
Type I error - ANSWER This means that the researcher will allow for a 5% or lower
probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is indeed true.
Type II error - ANSWER The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is false
Key Points - ANSWER A research problem is an area in which there is a gap in nursing's
knowledge base. The typical research problem includes background, a problem
statement, and a justification for the significance of research in the area.
• The major source for nursing research problems is clinical nursing practice. Other
good sources are discussions with peers, review of professional journals, and research
priorities identified by specialty groups and professional organizations. Theories are
fruitful sources for research problems for experienced researchers.
• Replication is essential for the development of evidence-based knowledge for practice
and consists of four types: exact, approximate, concurrent, and systematic.
• The research purpose is the stated reason for conduct of a study. The purpose usually
hints at whether the study will be interventional or non-interventional, and sometimes at
the study design. Typically it mentions the population and the study's variables or
factors of interest.
• Once the research purpose is decided upon, the research question can be formulated.
If appropriate, a research hypothesis can then be developed to further direct the study.
• The feasibility of research problem and purpose is determined by access to research
subjects and data, availability of sufficient numbers of willing potential subjects,
researcher expertise or ability to collaborate with knowledgeable others, financial
resources that will cover the costs of the study, sufficient time for study completion, a
,manageable-sized purpose, and ethical approval from human subjects committees.
• If a purpose and problem present major feasibility concerns, the wise researcher
revisits the iterative process and redesigns the study.
independent variable - ANSWER is the intervention or treatment that the researcher
applies to the experimental group but not to the control group
dependent variable - ANSWER is so called because it depends on the action of the
independent variable
Extraneous variables - ANSWER are variables that are not central to a study's research
purpose: they are not identified as either independent or dependent variables. An
extraneous variable has a potential effect on the results, however, making the
independent variable appear more or less powerful than it really is in its effect on the
value of the dependent variable.
confounding variable - ANSWER is a special subtype of extraneous variable, but it is
unique in that it is embedded in the study design because it is intertwined with the
independent variable.
null hypothesis (H0 ), - ANSWER also referred to as a statistical hypothesis, is used for
statistical testing and interpretation of results.
Even if the null hypothesis is not stated, it may be derived by stating the opposite of the
research hypothesis.
literature review - ANSWER of a research report is an interpretative, organized, and
written presentation of what the study's author has read. The purpose of conducting a
review of the literature is to discover the most recent, and the most relevant,
information about a particular phenomenon.
Landmark studies - ANSWER are published research that led to an important
development or a turning point in a certain field of study
, primary source - ANSWER written by the person who originated, or is responsible for
generating, the ideas published
secondary source - ANSWER summarizes or quotes content from primary sources. (In
historical research, primary and secondary source materials have slightly different
definitions.
Key Points - ANSWER • A literature review consists of all written sources relevant to the
selected topic. It is an interpretative, organized, and logically written presentation of
what the study's author has read.
• Reviewing the existing literature related to a research topic is a critical step in the
research process.
• One of the goals of reviewing the literature is identifying a gap in the literature.
Information from the literature review guides the development of the statement of the
research problem.
• Two types of literature predominate in the review of literature for research: theoretical
and empirical.
• Theoretical literature consists of concept analyses, models, theories, and conceptual
frameworks that support a selected research problem and purpose.
• Empirical literature is comprised of relevant studies in journals and books as well as
unpublished studies, such as master's theses and doctoral dissertations.
• With use of a systems approach, the three major stages of a literature review are
searching the literature (input), processing the literature (throughput), and writing the
literature review (output).
• Searching the literature begins with a written plan for the review that is maintained as
a search history during the first stage of the literature review.
• Searching the literature requires use of bibliographical databases. Using a reference
management system may be helpful for organizing retrieved sources and creating
reference lists.
• Processing the literature requires the researcher to read, critically appraise, analyze,
and synthesize the information that has been retrieved.
framework - ANSWER A theoretical framework is an abstract, logical structure of
meaning that guides the development of a study and enables the researcher to link the
findings to the body of knowledge in nursing
