APES Unit 9 Review Exam ith Accurate
Solutions
stratospheric ozone layer - ANS-is important to the evolution of life on Earth and the
continued health and survival of life on Earth
Stratospheric ozone depletion - ANS-is caused by anthropogenic factors, such as
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and natural factors, such as the melting of ice crystals in
the atmosphere at the beginning of the Antarctic spring
how does a decrease in stratospheric ozone affect UV radiation on Earth? - ANS-it
increases the UV rays that reach the Earth's surface
health impacts of UV radiation - ANS-can lead to skin cancer and cataracts (eye
damage) in humans
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - ANS-A family of organic compounds whose properties
make them ideal for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and aerosols; cause ozone
depletion
How do CFCs and HCFCs destroy ozone? - ANS-chlorine atoms contained in the
compounds are highly reactive; they interact with Ozone (O3) by stripping off one
Oxygen molecule, leaving behind O2.
as more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, the oceans... - ANS-absorb a
large part of that carbon dioxide and become more acidic
the pH scale - ANS-scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration
of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of less than 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of
greater than 7 is basic
Anthropogenic - ANS-derived from human activities
anthropogenic activities that contribute to ocean acidification are those that... - ANS-
lead to increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere: burning of fossil
fuels, vehicle emissions, and deforestation
how does ocean acidification damage coral? - ANS-acidification makes it difficult for
them to form shells, due to the loss of calcium carbonate
, invasive species - ANS-species that can live and sometimes thrive, outside of their
normal habitat; they can sometimes be beneficial but they are considered invasive when
they threaten native species
are invasive species often generalists or specialists? - ANS-generalists; they thrive in a
variety of habitats and can survive off a variety of foods
are invasive species generally r-selected or K-selected species? - ANS-r-selected; they
reproduce frequently and produce a large amount of offspring when they do reproduce;
therefore they may outcompete native species for resources
How can invasive species be controlled? - ANS-Mechanically (physically removing),
Chemically (pesticides), Biologically (introducing natural predator), and Ecologically
(manipulating environmental factors).
Examples of invasive species - ANS-kudzu vine,
purple loosestrife, African honeybee "killer bee",
water hyacinth,
fire ant,
zebra mussel,
gypsy moth,
Asian Long Horned Beetle,
brown tree snake
factors that can lead to a species becoming threatened with extinction - ANS-being
extensively hunted,
having a limited diet,
being outcompeted by invasive species,
having specific and limited habitat requirements
which species are less likely to face the danger of extinction? - ANS-species that are
able to adapt to changes in their environment (resilient) or that are able to move to a
new environment
selective pressures - ANS-any factors that change the behaviors and fitness of
organisms within an environment
how can competition among species lead to endangerment or extinction? - ANS-
species in a given ecosystem compete for resources like territory, food, mates and
habitat
what are some strategies to protect animal populations? - ANS-criminalizing poaching,
protecting animal habitats, and legislation
HIPPCO - ANS-Habitat destruction, Invasive (nonnative) species;
Population growth (too many people consuming too many resources);
Solutions
stratospheric ozone layer - ANS-is important to the evolution of life on Earth and the
continued health and survival of life on Earth
Stratospheric ozone depletion - ANS-is caused by anthropogenic factors, such as
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and natural factors, such as the melting of ice crystals in
the atmosphere at the beginning of the Antarctic spring
how does a decrease in stratospheric ozone affect UV radiation on Earth? - ANS-it
increases the UV rays that reach the Earth's surface
health impacts of UV radiation - ANS-can lead to skin cancer and cataracts (eye
damage) in humans
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - ANS-A family of organic compounds whose properties
make them ideal for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and aerosols; cause ozone
depletion
How do CFCs and HCFCs destroy ozone? - ANS-chlorine atoms contained in the
compounds are highly reactive; they interact with Ozone (O3) by stripping off one
Oxygen molecule, leaving behind O2.
as more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, the oceans... - ANS-absorb a
large part of that carbon dioxide and become more acidic
the pH scale - ANS-scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration
of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of less than 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of
greater than 7 is basic
Anthropogenic - ANS-derived from human activities
anthropogenic activities that contribute to ocean acidification are those that... - ANS-
lead to increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere: burning of fossil
fuels, vehicle emissions, and deforestation
how does ocean acidification damage coral? - ANS-acidification makes it difficult for
them to form shells, due to the loss of calcium carbonate
, invasive species - ANS-species that can live and sometimes thrive, outside of their
normal habitat; they can sometimes be beneficial but they are considered invasive when
they threaten native species
are invasive species often generalists or specialists? - ANS-generalists; they thrive in a
variety of habitats and can survive off a variety of foods
are invasive species generally r-selected or K-selected species? - ANS-r-selected; they
reproduce frequently and produce a large amount of offspring when they do reproduce;
therefore they may outcompete native species for resources
How can invasive species be controlled? - ANS-Mechanically (physically removing),
Chemically (pesticides), Biologically (introducing natural predator), and Ecologically
(manipulating environmental factors).
Examples of invasive species - ANS-kudzu vine,
purple loosestrife, African honeybee "killer bee",
water hyacinth,
fire ant,
zebra mussel,
gypsy moth,
Asian Long Horned Beetle,
brown tree snake
factors that can lead to a species becoming threatened with extinction - ANS-being
extensively hunted,
having a limited diet,
being outcompeted by invasive species,
having specific and limited habitat requirements
which species are less likely to face the danger of extinction? - ANS-species that are
able to adapt to changes in their environment (resilient) or that are able to move to a
new environment
selective pressures - ANS-any factors that change the behaviors and fitness of
organisms within an environment
how can competition among species lead to endangerment or extinction? - ANS-
species in a given ecosystem compete for resources like territory, food, mates and
habitat
what are some strategies to protect animal populations? - ANS-criminalizing poaching,
protecting animal habitats, and legislation
HIPPCO - ANS-Habitat destruction, Invasive (nonnative) species;
Population growth (too many people consuming too many resources);
