APES Unit 9 Test Questions with
Verified Solutions
stratospheric ozone and life on earth. - ANS-- Ozone in the stratosphere absorbs UV-C
and much of UV-B radiation
- tropospheric= resp. Irritant, damaging to plant tissue and precursor to photochemical
smog.
How Ozone absorbs UV-B & UV-C - ANS-UV-C breaks O2 into free oxygen atoms (2 O)
Anthropogenic Ozone Depletion - ANS-- CFC's (chlorofluorocarbons) are primary
anthropogenic (human cause of O3 break down
- used as
refrigerant chemicals and propellants in aerosol containers (hair, spray, Febreeze, etc.)
- UV radiation causes free chlorine atom to separate from CFCs
Natural Ozone depletion - ANS-- antartica spring melt forms polar stratospheric clouds
(PSC)
- Remember what CI atoms due to ozone from CFCs
(breaks O3 down into O2 over and over)
Reducing Ozone Depletion - ANS-Main way to reduce anthropogenic O3 depletion is
phasing out and replacing CFCs
FRQ 9.1 and 9.2
- Describe how stratospheric ozone protects organisms on earth from UV radiation.
Describe how CFCs deplete stratospheric ozone
- Explain how the Montreal protocol decreased ozone depletion - ANS-- the
stratospheric ozone is able to absorb UV-B, UV-C rays, by breaking them into free
oxygen atoms.
- UV radiation causes free chlorine atoms to separate from CFCs, and break down O3
molecules in the stratosphere.
Solar Radiation - ANS-not all incoming solar radiation reaches earth's surface
- 25% reflected back into space by clouds & atm.
, - 19% is absorbed by atm. & clouds & radiated into space & down to earth.
- the rest reaches earth's surface where it can be absorbed or reflected
The greenhouse effect - ANS-Gases in earths atmosphere trap heat from the sun &
radiate it back down to earth.
CO2 - ANS-FF comb. decomposition, deforestation
Methane (CH4) - ANS-natural gas extraction and combustion, animal agriculture,
anaerobic decomp. (especially permafrost thaw)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) - ANS-agriculture soils (denitrification of nitrate, especially in
overwatered, over fertilized soils)
CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs - ANS-refrigerants, blowing agents in aerosol products
* Water Vapor (H2O) - ANS-evaporation and transpiration from plants
(Technically a GHG by definition, but doesn't drive atm. temp change (other way around
- temp. Controls atm. H2O vapor level))
Global warming potential (GWP) - ANS-measure of how much a given molecule of gas
contribute to the warming of the atmosphere over a 100 year period, relative to CO2
residence time - ANS-how long a molecule stays in the atmosphere
Infared Absorption - ANS-how well the gas absorbs and radiates infrared radiation (IR)
FRQ 9.3
Explain how greenhouse gases in the atmosphere contribute to the heating of earth's
climate.
Biodiversity and domestication - ANS-Domestication of species for agriculture generally
decreases genetic and species biodiversity
habitat fragmentation (2) - ANS-- Roads & Pipelines
- Agriculture land use
- logging
Climate Change - ANS-- Temperature change
- perception change
- sea level rise
Biodiversity & domestication - ANS-- Crops
Verified Solutions
stratospheric ozone and life on earth. - ANS-- Ozone in the stratosphere absorbs UV-C
and much of UV-B radiation
- tropospheric= resp. Irritant, damaging to plant tissue and precursor to photochemical
smog.
How Ozone absorbs UV-B & UV-C - ANS-UV-C breaks O2 into free oxygen atoms (2 O)
Anthropogenic Ozone Depletion - ANS-- CFC's (chlorofluorocarbons) are primary
anthropogenic (human cause of O3 break down
- used as
refrigerant chemicals and propellants in aerosol containers (hair, spray, Febreeze, etc.)
- UV radiation causes free chlorine atom to separate from CFCs
Natural Ozone depletion - ANS-- antartica spring melt forms polar stratospheric clouds
(PSC)
- Remember what CI atoms due to ozone from CFCs
(breaks O3 down into O2 over and over)
Reducing Ozone Depletion - ANS-Main way to reduce anthropogenic O3 depletion is
phasing out and replacing CFCs
FRQ 9.1 and 9.2
- Describe how stratospheric ozone protects organisms on earth from UV radiation.
Describe how CFCs deplete stratospheric ozone
- Explain how the Montreal protocol decreased ozone depletion - ANS-- the
stratospheric ozone is able to absorb UV-B, UV-C rays, by breaking them into free
oxygen atoms.
- UV radiation causes free chlorine atoms to separate from CFCs, and break down O3
molecules in the stratosphere.
Solar Radiation - ANS-not all incoming solar radiation reaches earth's surface
- 25% reflected back into space by clouds & atm.
, - 19% is absorbed by atm. & clouds & radiated into space & down to earth.
- the rest reaches earth's surface where it can be absorbed or reflected
The greenhouse effect - ANS-Gases in earths atmosphere trap heat from the sun &
radiate it back down to earth.
CO2 - ANS-FF comb. decomposition, deforestation
Methane (CH4) - ANS-natural gas extraction and combustion, animal agriculture,
anaerobic decomp. (especially permafrost thaw)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) - ANS-agriculture soils (denitrification of nitrate, especially in
overwatered, over fertilized soils)
CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs - ANS-refrigerants, blowing agents in aerosol products
* Water Vapor (H2O) - ANS-evaporation and transpiration from plants
(Technically a GHG by definition, but doesn't drive atm. temp change (other way around
- temp. Controls atm. H2O vapor level))
Global warming potential (GWP) - ANS-measure of how much a given molecule of gas
contribute to the warming of the atmosphere over a 100 year period, relative to CO2
residence time - ANS-how long a molecule stays in the atmosphere
Infared Absorption - ANS-how well the gas absorbs and radiates infrared radiation (IR)
FRQ 9.3
Explain how greenhouse gases in the atmosphere contribute to the heating of earth's
climate.
Biodiversity and domestication - ANS-Domestication of species for agriculture generally
decreases genetic and species biodiversity
habitat fragmentation (2) - ANS-- Roads & Pipelines
- Agriculture land use
- logging
Climate Change - ANS-- Temperature change
- perception change
- sea level rise
Biodiversity & domestication - ANS-- Crops
