BSC 2085L COMPREHENSIVE TEST SPRING
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◉ lysosomes. Answer: - A package of enzymes surrounded by a
single-unit membrane. Lysosomes use their enzymes to digest
carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and other
substrates. White blood cells use their lysosomes to digest
phagocytized bacteria. Lysosomes also digest and dispose non-vital
organelles and other cellular
components. Lysosomes also assist in autolysis (cell-suicide), the
digestion of surplus cells by their own lysosomal enzymes.
◉ What Muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal
cavity?. Answer: The diaphragm : it performs an important function
in respiration: as the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the
thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs.
◉ identify: lungs, heart, liver, stomach, spleen, large intestine,
diaphragm: on a dissected rat. Answer:
◉ Epithelial tissues. Answer: form a protective covering for all of the
internal and external surfaces of the body
,◉ Epithelial tissue functions. Answer: protection, absorption,
filtration, excretion, secretion, and sometimes sensory reception.
◉ (epithelia characteristic) specialized contacts. Answer: closely fit
together to form membranes, or sheets of cells, and bound together
by specialized junctions
◉ (epithelia characteristic) Polarity. Answer: the membrane has one
exposed surface or free edge called the apical surface
◉ (epithelia characteristic) Supported by connected tissue. Answer:
the cells are attached to and supported by an adhesive basement
membrane
◉ (epithelia characteristic) Avascular but innervated. Answer: no
blood supply of their own, and depend on diffusion of nutrients from
the underlying connective tissue (supplied by nerves)
◉ (epithelia characteristic) regeneration. Answer: if well nourished,
epithelial cells can easily regenerate themselves (this is good
because they are subject to a great deal of friction and other trauma)
◉ simple epithelia. Answer: single layer of cells
, ◉ stratified epithelia. Answer: multiple layers of cells
◉ squamous. Answer: scale like
◉ cuboidal. Answer: cubelike
◉ columnar. Answer: column shaped
◉ pseudostratified epithelium. Answer: Multiple layers due to
difference in cell height, but are really one layer.
◉ transitional epithelium. Answer: rounded or plump cells with the
ability to slide over one another to allow the organ to be stretched.
Only found in urinary system organs
◉ simple squamous epithelium. Answer: allows materials to pass by
diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important;
secretes lubricating substances in serosae (kidney glomeruli;air sacs
of lungs; lining of heart;ventral body cavity)
◉ simple cuboidal epithelium. Answer: secretion and absorption
(kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary
surface)
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◉ lysosomes. Answer: - A package of enzymes surrounded by a
single-unit membrane. Lysosomes use their enzymes to digest
carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and other
substrates. White blood cells use their lysosomes to digest
phagocytized bacteria. Lysosomes also digest and dispose non-vital
organelles and other cellular
components. Lysosomes also assist in autolysis (cell-suicide), the
digestion of surplus cells by their own lysosomal enzymes.
◉ What Muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal
cavity?. Answer: The diaphragm : it performs an important function
in respiration: as the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the
thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs.
◉ identify: lungs, heart, liver, stomach, spleen, large intestine,
diaphragm: on a dissected rat. Answer:
◉ Epithelial tissues. Answer: form a protective covering for all of the
internal and external surfaces of the body
,◉ Epithelial tissue functions. Answer: protection, absorption,
filtration, excretion, secretion, and sometimes sensory reception.
◉ (epithelia characteristic) specialized contacts. Answer: closely fit
together to form membranes, or sheets of cells, and bound together
by specialized junctions
◉ (epithelia characteristic) Polarity. Answer: the membrane has one
exposed surface or free edge called the apical surface
◉ (epithelia characteristic) Supported by connected tissue. Answer:
the cells are attached to and supported by an adhesive basement
membrane
◉ (epithelia characteristic) Avascular but innervated. Answer: no
blood supply of their own, and depend on diffusion of nutrients from
the underlying connective tissue (supplied by nerves)
◉ (epithelia characteristic) regeneration. Answer: if well nourished,
epithelial cells can easily regenerate themselves (this is good
because they are subject to a great deal of friction and other trauma)
◉ simple epithelia. Answer: single layer of cells
, ◉ stratified epithelia. Answer: multiple layers of cells
◉ squamous. Answer: scale like
◉ cuboidal. Answer: cubelike
◉ columnar. Answer: column shaped
◉ pseudostratified epithelium. Answer: Multiple layers due to
difference in cell height, but are really one layer.
◉ transitional epithelium. Answer: rounded or plump cells with the
ability to slide over one another to allow the organ to be stretched.
Only found in urinary system organs
◉ simple squamous epithelium. Answer: allows materials to pass by
diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important;
secretes lubricating substances in serosae (kidney glomeruli;air sacs
of lungs; lining of heart;ventral body cavity)
◉ simple cuboidal epithelium. Answer: secretion and absorption
(kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary
surface)
