Test Bank Essentials of Nursing Leader
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ship & Management 7th Edition Sally A.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
Weiss Complete All Chapters 2024
d$ d$ d$ d$
,Chapter 1: Nursing Leadership and Management
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d
$ MULTIPLE CHOICE d$
1. According to Henri Fayol, the functions of planning, organizing, coordinating, and controll
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ing are considered which aspect of management?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Roles
b. Process
c. Functions
d. Taxonomy
ANS:d$B,d$Thed$managementd$processd$includesd$planning,d$organizing,d$coordinating,d$andd$controlling.d$Managementd$rolesd$includ
ed$informationd$processing,d$interpersonald$relationships,d$andd$decisiond$making.d$Managementd$functionsd$included$planning,d$orga
nizing,d$staffing,d$directing,d$coordinating,d$reporting,d$andd$budgeting.d$Ad$taxonomyd$isd$ad$systemd$thatd$ordersd$principlesd$intod$ad$g
roupingd$ord$classification.
2. Which of the following is considered a decisional managerial role?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Disseminator
b. Figurehead
c. Leader
d. Entrepreneur
ANS:d$D,d$Thed$decisionald$manageriald$rolesd$included$entrepreneur,d$disturbanced$handler,d$allocatord$ofd$resources,d$andd$negotiator
.d$Thed$informationd$processingd$manageriald$rolesd$included$monitor,d$disseminator,d$andd$spokesperson.d$Thed$interpersonald$manag
eriald$rolesd$included$figurehead,d$leader,d$andd$liaison.
3. A nurse manager meets regularly with other nurse managers, participates on the organiz
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ations committees, and attends meetings sponsored by professional organizations in order to
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
manage relationships. These activities are considered which function of a manager?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Informing
b. Problem solving d$
c. Monitoring
d. Networking
ANS:d$D,d$Thed$roled$functionsd$tod$managed$relationshipsd$ared$networking,d$supporting,d$developingd$andd$mentoring,d$managingd$co
nflictd$andd$teamd$building,d$motivatingd$andd$inspiring,d$recognizing,d$andd$rewarding.d$Thed$roled$functionsd$tod$managed$thed$workd$a
red$planningd$andd$organizing,d$problemd$solving,d$clarifyingd$rolesd$andd$objectives,d$informing,d$monitoring,d$consulting,d$andd$dele
gating.
4. A nurse was recently promoted to a middle-
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
level manager position. The nurses title would most likely be which of the following?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. First-line manager d$
b. Director
c. Vice president of patient care services
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
d. Chief nurse executived$ d$
ANS:d$B,d$Ad$middle-leveld$managerd$isd$calledd$ad$director.d$Ad$lowd$managerial-d$leveld$jobd$isd$calledd$thed$first-
lined$manager.d$Ad$nursed$ind$and$executived$leveld$roled$isd$calledd$ad$chiefd$nursed$executived$ord$viced$presidentd$ofd$patientd$cared$servi
ces.
5. A nurse manager who uses Frederick Taylors scientific management approach, would most li
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
kely focus on which of the following?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
, a. General principles d$
b. Positional authority d$
c. Labor productivity
d$
d. Impersonal relations d$
ANS:d$C,d$Thed$aread$ofd$focusd$ford$scientificd$managementd$isd$labord$productivity.d$Ind$bureaucraticd$theory,d$efficiencyd$isd$achievedd$
throughd$impersonald$relationsd$withind$ad$formald$structured$andd$isd$basedd$ond$positionald$authority.d$Administratived$principled$theor
yd$consistsd$ofd$principlesd$ofd$managementd$thatd$ared$relevantd$tod$anyd$organization.
6. According to Vrooms Theory of Motivation, force:
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. is the perceived possibility that the goal will be achieved.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
b. describes the amount of effort one will exert to reach ones goal.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
c. describes people who have free will but choose to comply with orders they are given.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
d. is a naturally forming social group that can become a contributor to an organization.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ANS:d$B,d$Accordingd$tod$Vroomsd$Theoryd$ofd$Motivation,d$Forced$describesd$thed$amountd$ofd$effortd$oned$willd$exertd$tod$reachd$ones
d$goal.d$Valenced$speaksd$tod$thed$leveld$ofd$attractivenessd$ord$unattractivenessd$ofd$thed$goal.d$Expectancyd$isd$thed$perceivedd$possibilit
yd$thatd$thed$goald$willd$bed$achieved.d$Vroomsd$Theoryd$ofd$Motivationd$cand$bed$demonstratedd$ind$thed$formd$ofd$and$equation:d$Forced
$=d$Valenced$Expectancyd$(Vroom,d$1964).d$Thed$theoryd$proposesd$thatd$thisd$equationd$cand$helpd$tod$predictd$thed$motivation,d$ord$for
ce,d$ofd$and$individuald$asd$describedd$byd$Vroom.
7. According to R. N. Lussier, motivation:
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. is unconsciously demonstrated by people.
d$ d$ d$ d$
b. occurs externally to influence behavior.
d$ d$ d$ d$
c. is determined by others choices.
d$ d$ d$ d$
d. occurs internally to influence behavior.
d$ d$ d$ d$
ANS:d$D,d$Motivationd$isd$ad$processd$thatd$occursd$internallyd$tod$influenced$andd$directd$ourd$behaviord$ind$orderd$tod$satisfyd$needs.d$M
otivationd$isd$notd$explicitlyd$demonstratedd$byd$people,d$butd$ratherd$itd$isd$interpretedd$fromd$theird$behavior.d$Motivationd$isd$whateve
rd$influencesd$ourd$choicesd$andd$createsd$direction,d$intensity,d$andd$persistenced$ind$ourd$behavior.
8. According to R. N. Lussier, there are content motivation theories and process motivat
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ion theories. Which of the following is considered a process motivation theory?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Equity theory d$
b. Hierarchy of needs theory d$ d$ d$
c. Existence-relatedness-growth theory d$
d. Hygiene maintenance and motivation factors
d$ d$ d$ d$
ANS:d$A,d$Thed$processd$motivationd$theoriesd$ared$equityd$theoryd$andd$expectancyd$theory.d$Thed$contentd$motivationd$theoriesd$inclu
ded$Maslowsd$hierarchyd$ofd$needsd$theory,d$Aldefersd$existence-d$relatedness-
growthd$(ERG)d$theory,d$andd$Herzbergsd$hygiened$maintenanced$factorsd$andd$motivationd$factors.
9. The theory that includes maintenance and motivation factors is:
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Maslows hierarchy of needs.
d$ d$ d$
b. Herzbergs two-factor theory. d$ d$
c. McGregors theory X and theory Y. d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
d. Ouchis theory Z. d$ d$
, ANS:d$B,d$Thed$two-
factord$theoryd$ofd$motivationd$includesd$motivationd$andd$maintenanced$factors.d$Maslowsd$hierarchyd$ofd$needsd$includesd$thed$followi
ngd$needs:d$physiological,d$safety,d$security,d$belonging,d$andd$self-
actualization.d$Ind$theoryd$X,d$employeesd$preferd$security,d$direction,d$andd$minimald$responsibility.d$Ind$theoryd$Y,d$employeesd$enjoyd
$theird$work,d$showd$self-
controld$andd$discipline,d$ared$abled$tod$contributed$creatively,d$andd$ared$motivatedd$byd$tiesd$tod$thed$group,d$organization,d$andd$thed$wor
kd$itself.d$Thed$focusd$ofd$theoryd$Zd$isd$collectived$decisiond$makingd$andd$long-
termd$employmentd$thatd$involvesd$slowerd$promotionsd$andd$lessd$directd$supervision.
10. A nurse is appointed to a leadership position in the local hospital. The nurses position woul
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
d be considered which of the following?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Informal leadership d$
b. Formal leadership d$
c. Leadership
d. Management
ANS:d$B,d$Formald$leadershipd$isd$basedd$ond$occupyingd$ad$positiond$ind$and$organization.d$Informald$leadershipd$isd$shownd$byd$and$in
dividuald$whod$demonstratesd$leadershipd$outsided$thed$scoped$ofd$ad$formald$leadershipd$roled$ord$asd$ad$memberd$ofd$ad$group.d$Leaders
hipd$isd$ad$processd$ofd$influenced$wherebyd$thed$leaderd$influencesd$othersd$towardd$goald$achievement.d$Managementd$isd$ad$processd$t
od$achieved$organizationald$goals.
11. A nursing instructor is evaluating whether the nursing students understand the thre
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
e fundamental qualities that leaders share. According to Bennis and Nanus, the fundam
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ental qualities of effective leaders are:
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. guided vision, passion, and integrity.
d$ d$ d$ d$
b. knowledge of self, honesty, and maturity.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
c. intelligence, self-confidence, and determination.
d$ d$ d$
d. honesty, self-awareness, and sociability.
d$ d$ d$
ANS:d$ABennisd$andd$Nanusd$listd$guidedd$vision,d$passion,d$andd$integrityd$asd$fundamentald$qualitiesd$ofd$effectived$leaders.d$Knowled
ged$ofd$self,d $ honestyd $ andd $ maturity;d $ intelligence,d $ self-confidenced $ andd $ determination;d $ self-
awarenessd $ andd $ sociabilityd $ ared $ alld $ desirabled$traitsd$ind$leadersd$asd$welld$asd$ind$others.
12. The six traits identified by Kirkpatrick and Locke that separate leaders from non-leaders were:
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. respectability, trustworthiness, flexibility, self-confidence, intelligence, sociability.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
b. self-
confidence, progression of experiences, influence of others, personal life factors, honesty, d
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
rive.
c. intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, sociability, honesty.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
d. drive, desire to lead, honesty, self-confidence, cognitive ability, knowledge of business.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ANS:d$D,d$Researchd$byd$Kirkpatrickd$andd$Locked$concludedd$thatd$leadersd$possessd$sixd$traits:d$drive,d$desired$tod$lead,d$honesty,d$se
lf-
d$confidence,d$cognitived$ability,d$andd$knowledged$ofd$thed$business.d$ Woodsd$identifiedd$fived$dominantd$factorsd$thatd$influencedd$le
adershipd$development:d$self-
confidence,d$innated$qualities,d$progressiond$ofd$experience,d$influenced$ofd$significantd$others,d$andd$personald$lifed$factors.d$Stogdilld
$identifiedd$thed$followingd$traitsd$ofd$ad$leader: d$intelligence,d$self-
d$confidence,d$determination,d$integrity,d$andd $ sociability.d$Murphyd$andd$DeBackd$identifiedd$thed$followingd$leaderd$characteristics
:d$caring,d$respectability,d$trustworthiness,d$andd$flexibility.
13. A nurse manager who uses a leadership style that is participatory and where autho
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
rity is delegated to others is most likely using which of the following leadership styles?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Autocratic
b. Democratic
c. Laissez-faire
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ship & Management 7th Edition Sally A.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
Weiss Complete All Chapters 2024
d$ d$ d$ d$
,Chapter 1: Nursing Leadership and Management
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d
$ MULTIPLE CHOICE d$
1. According to Henri Fayol, the functions of planning, organizing, coordinating, and controll
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ing are considered which aspect of management?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Roles
b. Process
c. Functions
d. Taxonomy
ANS:d$B,d$Thed$managementd$processd$includesd$planning,d$organizing,d$coordinating,d$andd$controlling.d$Managementd$rolesd$includ
ed$informationd$processing,d$interpersonald$relationships,d$andd$decisiond$making.d$Managementd$functionsd$included$planning,d$orga
nizing,d$staffing,d$directing,d$coordinating,d$reporting,d$andd$budgeting.d$Ad$taxonomyd$isd$ad$systemd$thatd$ordersd$principlesd$intod$ad$g
roupingd$ord$classification.
2. Which of the following is considered a decisional managerial role?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Disseminator
b. Figurehead
c. Leader
d. Entrepreneur
ANS:d$D,d$Thed$decisionald$manageriald$rolesd$included$entrepreneur,d$disturbanced$handler,d$allocatord$ofd$resources,d$andd$negotiator
.d$Thed$informationd$processingd$manageriald$rolesd$included$monitor,d$disseminator,d$andd$spokesperson.d$Thed$interpersonald$manag
eriald$rolesd$included$figurehead,d$leader,d$andd$liaison.
3. A nurse manager meets regularly with other nurse managers, participates on the organiz
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ations committees, and attends meetings sponsored by professional organizations in order to
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
manage relationships. These activities are considered which function of a manager?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Informing
b. Problem solving d$
c. Monitoring
d. Networking
ANS:d$D,d$Thed$roled$functionsd$tod$managed$relationshipsd$ared$networking,d$supporting,d$developingd$andd$mentoring,d$managingd$co
nflictd$andd$teamd$building,d$motivatingd$andd$inspiring,d$recognizing,d$andd$rewarding.d$Thed$roled$functionsd$tod$managed$thed$workd$a
red$planningd$andd$organizing,d$problemd$solving,d$clarifyingd$rolesd$andd$objectives,d$informing,d$monitoring,d$consulting,d$andd$dele
gating.
4. A nurse was recently promoted to a middle-
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
level manager position. The nurses title would most likely be which of the following?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. First-line manager d$
b. Director
c. Vice president of patient care services
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
d. Chief nurse executived$ d$
ANS:d$B,d$Ad$middle-leveld$managerd$isd$calledd$ad$director.d$Ad$lowd$managerial-d$leveld$jobd$isd$calledd$thed$first-
lined$manager.d$Ad$nursed$ind$and$executived$leveld$roled$isd$calledd$ad$chiefd$nursed$executived$ord$viced$presidentd$ofd$patientd$cared$servi
ces.
5. A nurse manager who uses Frederick Taylors scientific management approach, would most li
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
kely focus on which of the following?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
, a. General principles d$
b. Positional authority d$
c. Labor productivity
d$
d. Impersonal relations d$
ANS:d$C,d$Thed$aread$ofd$focusd$ford$scientificd$managementd$isd$labord$productivity.d$Ind$bureaucraticd$theory,d$efficiencyd$isd$achievedd$
throughd$impersonald$relationsd$withind$ad$formald$structured$andd$isd$basedd$ond$positionald$authority.d$Administratived$principled$theor
yd$consistsd$ofd$principlesd$ofd$managementd$thatd$ared$relevantd$tod$anyd$organization.
6. According to Vrooms Theory of Motivation, force:
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. is the perceived possibility that the goal will be achieved.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
b. describes the amount of effort one will exert to reach ones goal.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
c. describes people who have free will but choose to comply with orders they are given.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
d. is a naturally forming social group that can become a contributor to an organization.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ANS:d$B,d$Accordingd$tod$Vroomsd$Theoryd$ofd$Motivation,d$Forced$describesd$thed$amountd$ofd$effortd$oned$willd$exertd$tod$reachd$ones
d$goal.d$Valenced$speaksd$tod$thed$leveld$ofd$attractivenessd$ord$unattractivenessd$ofd$thed$goal.d$Expectancyd$isd$thed$perceivedd$possibilit
yd$thatd$thed$goald$willd$bed$achieved.d$Vroomsd$Theoryd$ofd$Motivationd$cand$bed$demonstratedd$ind$thed$formd$ofd$and$equation:d$Forced
$=d$Valenced$Expectancyd$(Vroom,d$1964).d$Thed$theoryd$proposesd$thatd$thisd$equationd$cand$helpd$tod$predictd$thed$motivation,d$ord$for
ce,d$ofd$and$individuald$asd$describedd$byd$Vroom.
7. According to R. N. Lussier, motivation:
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. is unconsciously demonstrated by people.
d$ d$ d$ d$
b. occurs externally to influence behavior.
d$ d$ d$ d$
c. is determined by others choices.
d$ d$ d$ d$
d. occurs internally to influence behavior.
d$ d$ d$ d$
ANS:d$D,d$Motivationd$isd$ad$processd$thatd$occursd$internallyd$tod$influenced$andd$directd$ourd$behaviord$ind$orderd$tod$satisfyd$needs.d$M
otivationd$isd$notd$explicitlyd$demonstratedd$byd$people,d$butd$ratherd$itd$isd$interpretedd$fromd$theird$behavior.d$Motivationd$isd$whateve
rd$influencesd$ourd$choicesd$andd$createsd$direction,d$intensity,d$andd$persistenced$ind$ourd$behavior.
8. According to R. N. Lussier, there are content motivation theories and process motivat
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ion theories. Which of the following is considered a process motivation theory?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Equity theory d$
b. Hierarchy of needs theory d$ d$ d$
c. Existence-relatedness-growth theory d$
d. Hygiene maintenance and motivation factors
d$ d$ d$ d$
ANS:d$A,d$Thed$processd$motivationd$theoriesd$ared$equityd$theoryd$andd$expectancyd$theory.d$Thed$contentd$motivationd$theoriesd$inclu
ded$Maslowsd$hierarchyd$ofd$needsd$theory,d$Aldefersd$existence-d$relatedness-
growthd$(ERG)d$theory,d$andd$Herzbergsd$hygiened$maintenanced$factorsd$andd$motivationd$factors.
9. The theory that includes maintenance and motivation factors is:
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Maslows hierarchy of needs.
d$ d$ d$
b. Herzbergs two-factor theory. d$ d$
c. McGregors theory X and theory Y. d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
d. Ouchis theory Z. d$ d$
, ANS:d$B,d$Thed$two-
factord$theoryd$ofd$motivationd$includesd$motivationd$andd$maintenanced$factors.d$Maslowsd$hierarchyd$ofd$needsd$includesd$thed$followi
ngd$needs:d$physiological,d$safety,d$security,d$belonging,d$andd$self-
actualization.d$Ind$theoryd$X,d$employeesd$preferd$security,d$direction,d$andd$minimald$responsibility.d$Ind$theoryd$Y,d$employeesd$enjoyd
$theird$work,d$showd$self-
controld$andd$discipline,d$ared$abled$tod$contributed$creatively,d$andd$ared$motivatedd$byd$tiesd$tod$thed$group,d$organization,d$andd$thed$wor
kd$itself.d$Thed$focusd$ofd$theoryd$Zd$isd$collectived$decisiond$makingd$andd$long-
termd$employmentd$thatd$involvesd$slowerd$promotionsd$andd$lessd$directd$supervision.
10. A nurse is appointed to a leadership position in the local hospital. The nurses position woul
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
d be considered which of the following?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Informal leadership d$
b. Formal leadership d$
c. Leadership
d. Management
ANS:d$B,d$Formald$leadershipd$isd$basedd$ond$occupyingd$ad$positiond$ind$and$organization.d$Informald$leadershipd$isd$shownd$byd$and$in
dividuald$whod$demonstratesd$leadershipd$outsided$thed$scoped$ofd$ad$formald$leadershipd$roled$ord$asd$ad$memberd$ofd$ad$group.d$Leaders
hipd$isd$ad$processd$ofd$influenced$wherebyd$thed$leaderd$influencesd$othersd$towardd$goald$achievement.d$Managementd$isd$ad$processd$t
od$achieved$organizationald$goals.
11. A nursing instructor is evaluating whether the nursing students understand the thre
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
e fundamental qualities that leaders share. According to Bennis and Nanus, the fundam
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ental qualities of effective leaders are:
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. guided vision, passion, and integrity.
d$ d$ d$ d$
b. knowledge of self, honesty, and maturity.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
c. intelligence, self-confidence, and determination.
d$ d$ d$
d. honesty, self-awareness, and sociability.
d$ d$ d$
ANS:d$ABennisd$andd$Nanusd$listd$guidedd$vision,d$passion,d$andd$integrityd$asd$fundamentald$qualitiesd$ofd$effectived$leaders.d$Knowled
ged$ofd$self,d $ honestyd $ andd $ maturity;d $ intelligence,d $ self-confidenced $ andd $ determination;d $ self-
awarenessd $ andd $ sociabilityd $ ared $ alld $ desirabled$traitsd$ind$leadersd$asd$welld$asd$ind$others.
12. The six traits identified by Kirkpatrick and Locke that separate leaders from non-leaders were:
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. respectability, trustworthiness, flexibility, self-confidence, intelligence, sociability.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
b. self-
confidence, progression of experiences, influence of others, personal life factors, honesty, d
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
rive.
c. intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, sociability, honesty.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
d. drive, desire to lead, honesty, self-confidence, cognitive ability, knowledge of business.
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
ANS:d$D,d$Researchd$byd$Kirkpatrickd$andd$Locked$concludedd$thatd$leadersd$possessd$sixd$traits:d$drive,d$desired$tod$lead,d$honesty,d$se
lf-
d$confidence,d$cognitived$ability,d$andd$knowledged$ofd$thed$business.d$ Woodsd$identifiedd$fived$dominantd$factorsd$thatd$influencedd$le
adershipd$development:d$self-
confidence,d$innated$qualities,d$progressiond$ofd$experience,d$influenced$ofd$significantd$others,d$andd$personald$lifed$factors.d$Stogdilld
$identifiedd$thed$followingd$traitsd$ofd$ad$leader: d$intelligence,d$self-
d$confidence,d$determination,d$integrity,d$andd $ sociability.d$Murphyd$andd$DeBackd$identifiedd$thed$followingd$leaderd$characteristics
:d$caring,d$respectability,d$trustworthiness,d$andd$flexibility.
13. A nurse manager who uses a leadership style that is participatory and where autho
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
rity is delegated to others is most likely using which of the following leadership styles?
d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$ d$
a. Autocratic
b. Democratic
c. Laissez-faire
