NUR 4307- EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
What is the normal level of chloride?
95-105 mEq/L
TRUE or FALSE: The Nurse notes a Na level of 119 in their pt's
lab values. They alert the Physician who orders an infusion of
saline. The RN can expect the order to read to rapidly infuse the
saline.
False
Hyponatremia patients should not have normal saline run rapidly
due to the risk of hydrocephalus + osmotic demyelination
syndrome
What occurs with HYPERnatremia?
flushed skin/ thirst
restlessness/ irritability
increased BP
cerebral unction
low-grade fever
anxious
edema
What are the nursing interventions for HYPERnatremia?
Add fluids to pull NA out of cells
,restrict NA intake
Administer fluids due to fluid loss (isotonic/hypotonic)
What occurs during HYPOnatremia?
seizures
respiratory distress
peaked T waves
overactive bowels
muscle cramps/weakness
decreased DTR, HR, & BP
What are the nursing interventions for HYPOnatremia?
administer hypertonic fluids
fluid restriction
seizure precautions
What occurs during HYPERkalemia?
muscle cramps/weakness
palpitations
tingling/numbness/ diarrhea
urine abnormalities
respiratory distress
Decreased DTR, HR, BP
Tall, peaked T-waves
,What are the nursing interventions for HYPERkalemia?
discontinue IV & PO potassium
potassium-exerting diuretics (furosemide)
dialysis
IV calcium gluconate & sodium bicarb
avoid salt substitutes
What occurs during HYPOkalemia?
shallow breathing
constipation
N&V
bloating
decreased DTR
flat inverted T-wave
What are the nursing interventions for HYPOkalemia?
oral potassium supplements
liquid potassium chloride
always dilute K + use an infusion device
What foods contain sodium?
smoked or pickled foods, snack foods, condiments
What foods contain potassium?
, dark leafy greens, potatoes, apricots, squash, yogurt, fish,
avocado, mushroom and banana.
To add more calcium, what hormone is released?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
To remove calcium, which hormone is released?
thyrocalcitonin (TCT)
What is needed to absorb calcium?
Active vitamin D
TRUE or FALSE: beverages w/ caffeine can decrease fluid loss
False
caffeinated beverages increase fluid loss
What are the expected outcomes for a dehydrated adult patient?
maintain daily fluid intake of at least 1500 ml
states the indications of dehydration
starts fluid replacement at the first indication of dehydration
follows treatment plan
What occurs in HYPOcalcemia?
frequent, painful muscle spasms in calf or foot
paresthesias
cardiac, intestinal, skeletal changes
tetany
convulsions
SOLUTIONS
What is the normal level of chloride?
95-105 mEq/L
TRUE or FALSE: The Nurse notes a Na level of 119 in their pt's
lab values. They alert the Physician who orders an infusion of
saline. The RN can expect the order to read to rapidly infuse the
saline.
False
Hyponatremia patients should not have normal saline run rapidly
due to the risk of hydrocephalus + osmotic demyelination
syndrome
What occurs with HYPERnatremia?
flushed skin/ thirst
restlessness/ irritability
increased BP
cerebral unction
low-grade fever
anxious
edema
What are the nursing interventions for HYPERnatremia?
Add fluids to pull NA out of cells
,restrict NA intake
Administer fluids due to fluid loss (isotonic/hypotonic)
What occurs during HYPOnatremia?
seizures
respiratory distress
peaked T waves
overactive bowels
muscle cramps/weakness
decreased DTR, HR, & BP
What are the nursing interventions for HYPOnatremia?
administer hypertonic fluids
fluid restriction
seizure precautions
What occurs during HYPERkalemia?
muscle cramps/weakness
palpitations
tingling/numbness/ diarrhea
urine abnormalities
respiratory distress
Decreased DTR, HR, BP
Tall, peaked T-waves
,What are the nursing interventions for HYPERkalemia?
discontinue IV & PO potassium
potassium-exerting diuretics (furosemide)
dialysis
IV calcium gluconate & sodium bicarb
avoid salt substitutes
What occurs during HYPOkalemia?
shallow breathing
constipation
N&V
bloating
decreased DTR
flat inverted T-wave
What are the nursing interventions for HYPOkalemia?
oral potassium supplements
liquid potassium chloride
always dilute K + use an infusion device
What foods contain sodium?
smoked or pickled foods, snack foods, condiments
What foods contain potassium?
, dark leafy greens, potatoes, apricots, squash, yogurt, fish,
avocado, mushroom and banana.
To add more calcium, what hormone is released?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
To remove calcium, which hormone is released?
thyrocalcitonin (TCT)
What is needed to absorb calcium?
Active vitamin D
TRUE or FALSE: beverages w/ caffeine can decrease fluid loss
False
caffeinated beverages increase fluid loss
What are the expected outcomes for a dehydrated adult patient?
maintain daily fluid intake of at least 1500 ml
states the indications of dehydration
starts fluid replacement at the first indication of dehydration
follows treatment plan
What occurs in HYPOcalcemia?
frequent, painful muscle spasms in calf or foot
paresthesias
cardiac, intestinal, skeletal changes
tetany
convulsions
