Essentials of Pediatric Nursing – Exam Questions with
Rationales Graded A+ 2026/2027
The student nurse is learning about the past history of child health and health care in the United States.
Which statement accurately reflects the condition of health care in the past and current centuries?
A) In past centuries in the United States, the health of the country was better than it is today due to the
simpler style of living.
B) In the current century, mortality rates are high, but life expectancy has increased due to technological
advances.
C) In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries urban public health improvements made cities
healthier places for growing children.
D) By the late twentieth century unintentional injuries rather than infectious diseases had become the
leading cause of death for children older than 1 year old.
Ans: D
Feedback:
In past centuries in the United States, the health of the country was poorer than it is today; mortality
rates were high and life expectancy was short. Over the years the health of children received more and
more attention, leading to a better understanding of sources of illness and improvements in sanitation,
water, and nutrition. As a result, by the late twentieth century unintentional injuries rather than
infectious diseases had become the leading cause of death for children older than 1 year old.
Origin: Chapter 1, 3
The nurse is administering a number of therapeutic interventions for neonates, infants, and children on
the pediatric unit. Which intervention contributes to an increase in chronic illness seen in early
childhood?
A) Administering antibiotics to prevent lethal infections
B) Vaccinating children to prevent childhood diseases
C) Using mechanical ventilation for premature infants
D) Using corticosteroids as a treatment for asthma
Ans: C
Feedback:
Using mechanical ventilation and medications to foster lung development in premature infants
increases their survival rate. Yet the infants who survive are often faced with myriad chronic illnesses.
Administering antibiotics to prevent lethal infections, vaccinating children to prevent childhood
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, diseases, and using corticosteroids as a treatment for asthma may cause side effects, but do not
contribute to chronic illness in children.
Origin: Chapter 1, 4
The nurse is reviewing a copy of the U.S. Surgeon General's Report, Healthy People. Which nursing
action best reflects the nurse fostering this health care agenda?
A) The nurse signs up for classes to obtain an advanced degree in nursing
B) The nurse volunteers at a local health care clinic providing free vaccinations for low-income
populations
C) The nurse performs an in-service on basic hospital equipment for student nurses
D) The nurse compiles nursing articles on evidence-based practices in nursing to present at a hospital
training seminar
Ans: B
Feedback:
Healthy People is a comprehensive health promotion and disease prevention agenda that is working
toward improving the quantity and quality of life for all Americans (U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, 2010). Overarching goals are to eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death; achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups;
create physical and social environments that promote good health; and promote healthy development
and behaviors across every stage of life. Volunteering at a local health care clinic directly reflects the
goal of improving the health of all groups of people. Signing up for classes, performing in-services on
equipment, and compiling nursing articles on evidence-based practices in nursing are all worthwhile
activities that foster health care delivery, but are not as directly linked to the agenda of promoting
health in the community.
Origin: Chapter 1, 5
The neonatal nurse researches the neonatal and mortality rates in the United States. Which statements
accurately describe these measurements of child health? Select all that apply.
A) Neonatal mortality is the number of infant deaths occurring in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live
births.
B) The infant mortality rate refers to the number of deaths occurring in the first 6 months of life.
C) Neonatal mortality is documented as the number of deaths in relation to 1,000 live births.
D) The infant mortality rate is used as an index of the general health of a country.
E) In 2007, the infant mortality rate in the United States was 6.8 per 1,000 live births.
F) The infant mortality rate is consistent from state to state as well as between ethnic groups.
Ans: A, C, D, E
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Rationales Graded A+ 2026/2027
The student nurse is learning about the past history of child health and health care in the United States.
Which statement accurately reflects the condition of health care in the past and current centuries?
A) In past centuries in the United States, the health of the country was better than it is today due to the
simpler style of living.
B) In the current century, mortality rates are high, but life expectancy has increased due to technological
advances.
C) In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries urban public health improvements made cities
healthier places for growing children.
D) By the late twentieth century unintentional injuries rather than infectious diseases had become the
leading cause of death for children older than 1 year old.
Ans: D
Feedback:
In past centuries in the United States, the health of the country was poorer than it is today; mortality
rates were high and life expectancy was short. Over the years the health of children received more and
more attention, leading to a better understanding of sources of illness and improvements in sanitation,
water, and nutrition. As a result, by the late twentieth century unintentional injuries rather than
infectious diseases had become the leading cause of death for children older than 1 year old.
Origin: Chapter 1, 3
The nurse is administering a number of therapeutic interventions for neonates, infants, and children on
the pediatric unit. Which intervention contributes to an increase in chronic illness seen in early
childhood?
A) Administering antibiotics to prevent lethal infections
B) Vaccinating children to prevent childhood diseases
C) Using mechanical ventilation for premature infants
D) Using corticosteroids as a treatment for asthma
Ans: C
Feedback:
Using mechanical ventilation and medications to foster lung development in premature infants
increases their survival rate. Yet the infants who survive are often faced with myriad chronic illnesses.
Administering antibiotics to prevent lethal infections, vaccinating children to prevent childhood
1|Page
, diseases, and using corticosteroids as a treatment for asthma may cause side effects, but do not
contribute to chronic illness in children.
Origin: Chapter 1, 4
The nurse is reviewing a copy of the U.S. Surgeon General's Report, Healthy People. Which nursing
action best reflects the nurse fostering this health care agenda?
A) The nurse signs up for classes to obtain an advanced degree in nursing
B) The nurse volunteers at a local health care clinic providing free vaccinations for low-income
populations
C) The nurse performs an in-service on basic hospital equipment for student nurses
D) The nurse compiles nursing articles on evidence-based practices in nursing to present at a hospital
training seminar
Ans: B
Feedback:
Healthy People is a comprehensive health promotion and disease prevention agenda that is working
toward improving the quantity and quality of life for all Americans (U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, 2010). Overarching goals are to eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death; achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups;
create physical and social environments that promote good health; and promote healthy development
and behaviors across every stage of life. Volunteering at a local health care clinic directly reflects the
goal of improving the health of all groups of people. Signing up for classes, performing in-services on
equipment, and compiling nursing articles on evidence-based practices in nursing are all worthwhile
activities that foster health care delivery, but are not as directly linked to the agenda of promoting
health in the community.
Origin: Chapter 1, 5
The neonatal nurse researches the neonatal and mortality rates in the United States. Which statements
accurately describe these measurements of child health? Select all that apply.
A) Neonatal mortality is the number of infant deaths occurring in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live
births.
B) The infant mortality rate refers to the number of deaths occurring in the first 6 months of life.
C) Neonatal mortality is documented as the number of deaths in relation to 1,000 live births.
D) The infant mortality rate is used as an index of the general health of a country.
E) In 2007, the infant mortality rate in the United States was 6.8 per 1,000 live births.
F) The infant mortality rate is consistent from state to state as well as between ethnic groups.
Ans: A, C, D, E
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