PPN 303 FINAL EXAM PREP - VERIFIED ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS - MOST RECENT EDITION 2026/2027

PPN 303 FINAL EXAM




Topics: Pharmacology | Physiology | Biochemistry | Microbiology | Pathology |
Immunology | Nutrition | Clinical Practice

1. Which pharmacokinetic process refers to the movement of a drug from
its site of administration into the bloodstream?
A. Distribution
B. Metabolism
C. Absorption
D. Excretion
✓ Correct Answer: C
2. The term 'half-life' of a drug refers to:
A. The time for half the dose to be absorbed
B. The time for the plasma concentration to decrease by 50%
C. The time needed to reach peak plasma level
D. Half the duration of action
✓ Correct Answer: B
3. Which route of drug administration has 100% bioavailability?
A. Oral
B. Sublingual
C. Intravenous
D. Intramuscular
✓ Correct Answer: C
4. A drug that activates a receptor and produces a biological response is
called a(n):
A. Antagonist
B. Inhibitor
C. Agonist
D. Modulator
✓ Correct Answer: C
5. The volume of distribution (Vd) describes:
A. How fast the drug is eliminated
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,PPN 303 FINAL EXAM

B. How widely a drug is distributed throughout body tissues
C. The liver's ability to metabolize drugs
D. Drug solubility in water
✓ Correct Answer: B
6. First-pass metabolism occurs primarily in the:
A. Kidneys
B. Lungs
C. Liver
D. Small intestine
✓ Correct Answer: C
7. A competitive antagonist:
A. Permanently binds to receptors
B. Reduces maximum effect of agonist
C. Competes for same receptor site and can be overcome by increasing
agonist
D. Binds to a different site than the agonist
✓ Correct Answer: C
8. The therapeutic index (TI) is calculated as:
A. ED50/LD50
B. LD50/ED50
C. TD50/ED50
D. EC50/IC50
✓ Correct Answer: C
9. Which cytochrome P450 enzyme is responsible for metabolizing the
greatest number of drugs?
A. CYP1A2
B. CYP2D6
C. CYP3A4
D. CYP2C9
✓ Correct Answer: C
10. Pharmacodynamics is best defined as:
A. Drug absorption and distribution
B. Drug effects on the body
C. Drug elimination processes
D. Drug formulation chemistry
✓ Correct Answer: B
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11. The primary site for carbohydrate digestion and absorption is the:
A. Stomach
B. Large intestine
C. Small intestine
D. Mouth
✓ Correct Answer: C
12. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin E
✓ Correct Answer: C
13. Beta-oxidation of fatty acids occurs in the:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
✓ Correct Answer: C
14. Which hormone promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Leptin
D. Ghrelin
✓ Correct Answer: B
15. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein in a healthy
adult is approximately:
A. 0.4 g/kg/day
B. 0.8 g/kg/day
C. 1.5 g/kg/day
D. 2.0 g/kg/day
✓ Correct Answer: B
16. Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by which type of red blood
cells?
A. Macrocytic, normochromic
B. Normocytic, normochromic
C. Microcytic, hypochromic
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D. Macrocytic, hyperchromic
✓ Correct Answer: C
17. Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin B12
✓ Correct Answer: D
18. The energy yield of complete oxidation of one glucose molecule via
aerobic respiration is approximately:
A. 2 ATP
B. 8 ATP
C. 30-32 ATP
D. 56 ATP
✓ Correct Answer: C
19. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of:
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B1
✓ Correct Answer: B
20. Which mineral is a cofactor for insulin and enhances glucose
tolerance?
A. Calcium
B. Magnesium
C. Chromium
D. Zinc
✓ Correct Answer: C
21. The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately:
A. -90 mV
B. -70 mV
C. -55 mV
D. +35 mV
✓ Correct Answer: B



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