KINESIOLOGY 350 EXERCISE
PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 QUESTIONS
COMPLETE WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.cardiac output increase due to - ANSWERS✔-increased heart rate
-first, at rest the PNS dominates the control of HR through release of AcH to slow the job of the
SA node. To inc HR we have to rid of AcH (dec PNS activity to SA node)
-stop releasing AcH, HR gets to 100bpm
-THEN can turn on SNS and inc activity to the SA node (HR from 100 to max (220-age))
\.parasympathetic withdraw - ANSWERS✔-rest-100bpm (removing PNS influence on the heart)
\.sympathetic outflow - ANSWERS✔-100bpm to max
\.when AcH present: - ANSWERS✔--DOMINATES inhibitory effect on the SA node.
-nore and epi cannot work
-so we get rid of AcH through parasympathetic withdraw before nore and epi can inc HR
\.increased SV (plateaus around 40-50% VO2 max) WHY? - ANSWERS✔--frank starling effect (inc
preload, EDV, venous return)
--whatever you put into the heart, it will eject it
--2/3 blood in hanging out in veins, muscle and respiratory pumps, venoconstriction moves
blood to ventricles
-inc contractility
,--@ any EDV, if ventricle contracts more it will release more
--increase SNS activity, dec ESV, more ventricular emptying
-held back slightly from the pericardium
\.does Blood Pressure inc with exercise? - ANSWERS✔-yes
\.if Q goes up, systolic BP ____ - ANSWERS✔-goes up
\.if TPR goes down, diastolic BP ____ - ANSWERS✔-goes down
(keeps the pressure that the ventricle has to contract against low (MAP))
\.does MAP inc with exercise? - ANSWERS✔-only slightly
\.resting MAP (80+ (1/3(120-80))) - ANSWERS✔-94mmHg (round up to 100)
\.exercise MAP (60 +(1/3(190-60))) - ANSWERS✔-102 mmHg (map goes up just a little bit, huge
inc in systolic but it is balanced due to the differences in the time that the heart spends in
systole vs diastole)
\.if the set point of baroreceptors is 100 mmHg, how can MAP inc during exercise? -
ANSWERS✔-the set point must change (reset)
-at the onset of exercise, the baroreceptor set point must reset upwards to allow the slight
increase in MAP
\.what is the signal to turn on the CV system and reset baroreceptors at the onset of exercise? -
ANSWERS✔-we dont know for sure but the central command theory is the best explanation we
have
,\.central command theory - ANSWERS✔-initial signal to "drive" cardiovascular system comes
from higher brain centers
(at rest the higher centers don't take part but exercising sets in central command)
-example of feedforward
\.Summary of Cardiovascular Control During Exercise - ANSWERS✔--afferent pathways (skeletal
muscle, baroreceptors) send messages to the brain
-efferent pathways to heart and blood vessels
\.oxygen demand by muscles during exercise is many times greater than at rest. to inc O2
delivery to the muscle, we must: - ANSWERS✔-1. inc cardiac output (redistribute blood flow)
2. inc blood flow to working muscle (to inc avo2 diff)
3. #2 requires redistribution of blood flow away from inactive circulations to skeletal muscle
(dec blood flow to less active organs (liver, kidneys, GI tract))
\.changes in muscle and splanchnic blood flow during exercise - ANSWERS✔-splanchnic:
stomach circulation
-during exercise: muscle blood flow goes up and other circulation, like stomach, goes down
-cannot exercise right after a meal bc blood flow goes down to stomach following exercise
\.summary of how exactly blood flow inc to skeletal muscle during exercise - ANSWERS✔-1.
redistribution of blood flow
-inc sympathetic stimulation to inactive beds, causing the arterioles to constrict
2. vasodilation of skeletal muscle arterioles by autoregulation can override sympathetic signal to
constrict arterioles
-metabolic autoregulation (produced by muscle and dilates arteriole) -endothelium mediated
regulation through nitric oxide
, 3. skeletal muscle pump: helps helps inc venous return so cardiac output inc
4.capillary recruitment: more capillaries open to deliver blood and O2 to active skeletal muscle
-at rest, only 1/4 capillaries are open
-during exercise, open more capillaries (capillary recruitment, opening more capillaries to inc
blood flow and O2))
\.exercise is a challenge to homeostasis - ANSWERS✔-mean arterial pressure is a challenge
because there is too much vasodilation
\.changes in VO2 max with endurance training - ANSWERS✔-about 1% inc per week
(can only go about a minute or two once youre at max, exercise will stop)
\.training to increase VO2max - ANSWERS✔--large muscle groups
-dynamic activity (ing activities: walking, biking)
-20-60 mins
-3-5 times per week
-@ 50-80% of VO2max
\.expected increase in VO2 max - ANSWERS✔--20% increase in 20 weeks (1% per week)
-greater increase in highly deconditioned or diseased subjects
\.genetic predisposition of VO2 max - ANSWERS✔-(at least half of what VO2 max can become)
-accounts for 40-60% of VO2max
\.if VO2max increases, we know that this occurs from either a change in ___ or ____ -
ANSWERS✔-Q: cardiac output (so SV can contribute as well) (not HR bc it is determined by age
not adaption)
PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 QUESTIONS
COMPLETE WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.cardiac output increase due to - ANSWERS✔-increased heart rate
-first, at rest the PNS dominates the control of HR through release of AcH to slow the job of the
SA node. To inc HR we have to rid of AcH (dec PNS activity to SA node)
-stop releasing AcH, HR gets to 100bpm
-THEN can turn on SNS and inc activity to the SA node (HR from 100 to max (220-age))
\.parasympathetic withdraw - ANSWERS✔-rest-100bpm (removing PNS influence on the heart)
\.sympathetic outflow - ANSWERS✔-100bpm to max
\.when AcH present: - ANSWERS✔--DOMINATES inhibitory effect on the SA node.
-nore and epi cannot work
-so we get rid of AcH through parasympathetic withdraw before nore and epi can inc HR
\.increased SV (plateaus around 40-50% VO2 max) WHY? - ANSWERS✔--frank starling effect (inc
preload, EDV, venous return)
--whatever you put into the heart, it will eject it
--2/3 blood in hanging out in veins, muscle and respiratory pumps, venoconstriction moves
blood to ventricles
-inc contractility
,--@ any EDV, if ventricle contracts more it will release more
--increase SNS activity, dec ESV, more ventricular emptying
-held back slightly from the pericardium
\.does Blood Pressure inc with exercise? - ANSWERS✔-yes
\.if Q goes up, systolic BP ____ - ANSWERS✔-goes up
\.if TPR goes down, diastolic BP ____ - ANSWERS✔-goes down
(keeps the pressure that the ventricle has to contract against low (MAP))
\.does MAP inc with exercise? - ANSWERS✔-only slightly
\.resting MAP (80+ (1/3(120-80))) - ANSWERS✔-94mmHg (round up to 100)
\.exercise MAP (60 +(1/3(190-60))) - ANSWERS✔-102 mmHg (map goes up just a little bit, huge
inc in systolic but it is balanced due to the differences in the time that the heart spends in
systole vs diastole)
\.if the set point of baroreceptors is 100 mmHg, how can MAP inc during exercise? -
ANSWERS✔-the set point must change (reset)
-at the onset of exercise, the baroreceptor set point must reset upwards to allow the slight
increase in MAP
\.what is the signal to turn on the CV system and reset baroreceptors at the onset of exercise? -
ANSWERS✔-we dont know for sure but the central command theory is the best explanation we
have
,\.central command theory - ANSWERS✔-initial signal to "drive" cardiovascular system comes
from higher brain centers
(at rest the higher centers don't take part but exercising sets in central command)
-example of feedforward
\.Summary of Cardiovascular Control During Exercise - ANSWERS✔--afferent pathways (skeletal
muscle, baroreceptors) send messages to the brain
-efferent pathways to heart and blood vessels
\.oxygen demand by muscles during exercise is many times greater than at rest. to inc O2
delivery to the muscle, we must: - ANSWERS✔-1. inc cardiac output (redistribute blood flow)
2. inc blood flow to working muscle (to inc avo2 diff)
3. #2 requires redistribution of blood flow away from inactive circulations to skeletal muscle
(dec blood flow to less active organs (liver, kidneys, GI tract))
\.changes in muscle and splanchnic blood flow during exercise - ANSWERS✔-splanchnic:
stomach circulation
-during exercise: muscle blood flow goes up and other circulation, like stomach, goes down
-cannot exercise right after a meal bc blood flow goes down to stomach following exercise
\.summary of how exactly blood flow inc to skeletal muscle during exercise - ANSWERS✔-1.
redistribution of blood flow
-inc sympathetic stimulation to inactive beds, causing the arterioles to constrict
2. vasodilation of skeletal muscle arterioles by autoregulation can override sympathetic signal to
constrict arterioles
-metabolic autoregulation (produced by muscle and dilates arteriole) -endothelium mediated
regulation through nitric oxide
, 3. skeletal muscle pump: helps helps inc venous return so cardiac output inc
4.capillary recruitment: more capillaries open to deliver blood and O2 to active skeletal muscle
-at rest, only 1/4 capillaries are open
-during exercise, open more capillaries (capillary recruitment, opening more capillaries to inc
blood flow and O2))
\.exercise is a challenge to homeostasis - ANSWERS✔-mean arterial pressure is a challenge
because there is too much vasodilation
\.changes in VO2 max with endurance training - ANSWERS✔-about 1% inc per week
(can only go about a minute or two once youre at max, exercise will stop)
\.training to increase VO2max - ANSWERS✔--large muscle groups
-dynamic activity (ing activities: walking, biking)
-20-60 mins
-3-5 times per week
-@ 50-80% of VO2max
\.expected increase in VO2 max - ANSWERS✔--20% increase in 20 weeks (1% per week)
-greater increase in highly deconditioned or diseased subjects
\.genetic predisposition of VO2 max - ANSWERS✔-(at least half of what VO2 max can become)
-accounts for 40-60% of VO2max
\.if VO2max increases, we know that this occurs from either a change in ___ or ____ -
ANSWERS✔-Q: cardiac output (so SV can contribute as well) (not HR bc it is determined by age
not adaption)
