PSY 657 MIDTERM 2 {HOOLEY CHAPTERS 7; 9 ;11; 14; 15
FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
● Substance-related disorder. Answer: Patternsof maladaptive behavior centered on the
regular use of a substance, such as a drug or alcohol
● addictive behavior. Answer: Behavior based on the pathological need for a substance or
activity; it may involve the abuse of substances, such as nicotine, alcohol, or cocaine, or
gambling
● psychoactive substance. Answer: Drug that affects mental functioning
● substance abuse. Answer: Maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by recurrent
and significant adverse consequences related to the use of the substance
● substance dependence. Answer: Severe form of substance use disorder involving
physiological dependence on the substance, tolerance, withdrawal, and compulsive drug
taking
● tolerance. Answer: Need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired
effects
● withdrawal. Answer: Intellectual, emotional, or physical retreat
● alcohol use disorder. Answer: A problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically
significant impairment or distress
● alcohol withdrawal delirium. Answer: Acute delirium associated with withdrawal from alco-
hol after prolonged heavy consumption; characterized by intense anxiety, tremors, fever and
sweating, and hallucinations (delirium tremens)
● alcohol amnestic disorder. Answer: Formerly known as Korsakoff's syndrome, is a condition
characterized by a persisting memory deficit (particularly with regard to recent events) that is
sometimes accompanied by falsification of events; This disorder is caused by malnutrition,
specifically the lack of vitamin B (thiamine)
, ● Mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP). Answer: Center of psychoactive drug
activation in the brain. This area is involved in the release of dopamine and in mediating the
rewarding properties of drugs
● opium. Answer: Narcotic drug that leads to physiological dependence and the development
of tolerance; derivatives are morphine, heroin, and codeine
● morphine. Answer: Addictive drug derived from opium that can serve as a powerful sedative
and pain reliever
● heroin. Answer: Powerful psychoactive drug, chemically derived from morphine, that
relieves pain but is even more intense and addictive than morphine
● endorphins. Answer: Opiates produced in the brain and throughout the body that function
like neurotransmitters to dampen pain sensations. They also play a role in the body's building
up tolerance to certain drugs
● dopamine theory of addiction. Answer: Theory suggesting that addiction is the result of a
dysfunction of the dopamine reward pathway
● reward deficiency syndrome. Answer: A hypoth- esis suggesting that addiction is more
likely to occur in individuals who have a genetic predisposition to be less satisfied by natural
rewards, which leads them to overuse drugs as a way to adequately stimulate their reward
pathway
● methadone. Answer: Synthetic narcotic related to heroin; used in the treatment of heroin
addiction because it satisfies the craving for heroin without producing serious psychological
impairment
● cocaine. Answer: Stimulating and pain-reducing psychoactive drug
● amphetamine. Answer: Drug that produces a psychologically stimulating and energizing
effect
● caffeine. Answer: A drug of dependence found in many commonly available drinks and
foods
● nicotine. Answer: Addictive alkaloid that is the chief active ingredient in tobacco and a drug
of dependence
● barbiturates. Answer: Synthetic drugs that act as depressants to calm the individual and
induce sleep
FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
● Substance-related disorder. Answer: Patternsof maladaptive behavior centered on the
regular use of a substance, such as a drug or alcohol
● addictive behavior. Answer: Behavior based on the pathological need for a substance or
activity; it may involve the abuse of substances, such as nicotine, alcohol, or cocaine, or
gambling
● psychoactive substance. Answer: Drug that affects mental functioning
● substance abuse. Answer: Maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by recurrent
and significant adverse consequences related to the use of the substance
● substance dependence. Answer: Severe form of substance use disorder involving
physiological dependence on the substance, tolerance, withdrawal, and compulsive drug
taking
● tolerance. Answer: Need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired
effects
● withdrawal. Answer: Intellectual, emotional, or physical retreat
● alcohol use disorder. Answer: A problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically
significant impairment or distress
● alcohol withdrawal delirium. Answer: Acute delirium associated with withdrawal from alco-
hol after prolonged heavy consumption; characterized by intense anxiety, tremors, fever and
sweating, and hallucinations (delirium tremens)
● alcohol amnestic disorder. Answer: Formerly known as Korsakoff's syndrome, is a condition
characterized by a persisting memory deficit (particularly with regard to recent events) that is
sometimes accompanied by falsification of events; This disorder is caused by malnutrition,
specifically the lack of vitamin B (thiamine)
, ● Mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP). Answer: Center of psychoactive drug
activation in the brain. This area is involved in the release of dopamine and in mediating the
rewarding properties of drugs
● opium. Answer: Narcotic drug that leads to physiological dependence and the development
of tolerance; derivatives are morphine, heroin, and codeine
● morphine. Answer: Addictive drug derived from opium that can serve as a powerful sedative
and pain reliever
● heroin. Answer: Powerful psychoactive drug, chemically derived from morphine, that
relieves pain but is even more intense and addictive than morphine
● endorphins. Answer: Opiates produced in the brain and throughout the body that function
like neurotransmitters to dampen pain sensations. They also play a role in the body's building
up tolerance to certain drugs
● dopamine theory of addiction. Answer: Theory suggesting that addiction is the result of a
dysfunction of the dopamine reward pathway
● reward deficiency syndrome. Answer: A hypoth- esis suggesting that addiction is more
likely to occur in individuals who have a genetic predisposition to be less satisfied by natural
rewards, which leads them to overuse drugs as a way to adequately stimulate their reward
pathway
● methadone. Answer: Synthetic narcotic related to heroin; used in the treatment of heroin
addiction because it satisfies the craving for heroin without producing serious psychological
impairment
● cocaine. Answer: Stimulating and pain-reducing psychoactive drug
● amphetamine. Answer: Drug that produces a psychologically stimulating and energizing
effect
● caffeine. Answer: A drug of dependence found in many commonly available drinks and
foods
● nicotine. Answer: Addictive alkaloid that is the chief active ingredient in tobacco and a drug
of dependence
● barbiturates. Answer: Synthetic drugs that act as depressants to calm the individual and
induce sleep
