Test Bank For Counseling and Psychotherapy
Theories in Context and Practice
,Chapter 1: Psychotherapy and Counseling Essentials: An Introduction
Chapter 2: Psychoanalytic Approaches
Chapter 3: Individual Psychology and Adlerian Therapy
Chapter 4: Existential Theory and Therapy
Chapter 5: Person-Centered Theory and Therapy
Chapter 6: Gestalt Theory and Therapy
Chapter 7: Behavioral Theory and Therapy
Chapter 8: Cognitive-Behavioral Theory and Therapy
Chapter 9: Choice Theory and Reality Therapy
Chapter 10: Feminist Theory and Therapy
Chapter 11: Constructive Theory and Therapy
Chapter 12: Family Systems Theory and Therapy
Chapter 13: Developing Your Multicultural Orientation and Skills
Chapter 14: Integrative and Evidence-Based New Generation Therapies
,Chapter 1: Psychotherapy and Counseling Essentials: An Introduction
1. A client struggling with severe depression reports that since joining a local
volunteer group and receiving increased support from their religious community,
their mood has significantly improved—even before their first formal therapy
session. According to Lambert’s four-factor model, this improvement is best
attributed to:
A. Expectancy
B. The therapeutic relationship
C. Extratherapeutic factors
D. Specific techniques
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Extratherapeutic factors account for approximately 40% of client
improvement and include client variables such as motivation and ego strength, as
well as external sources of help and support within the client's environment, such as
social support or spontaneous remission.
2. In his controversial 1952 article, Hans Eysenck reviewed the available research on
psychotherapy outcomes. Which of the following best summarizes his primary
conclusion?
A. Psychotherapy is effective only when combined with biomedical interventions.
B. There is no evidence that psychotherapy is more effective than the mere passage of
time.
C. Behavioral therapies are significantly superior to psychoanalytic approaches.
D. The therapeutic alliance is the only factor that predicts positive outcomes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eysenck claimed that roughly two-thirds of neurotic patients would
recover or improve within two years without treatment, and he found an inverse
correlation between recovery and psychotherapy, suggesting it was no more
effective than natural recovery rates.
3. The "Dodo bird effect" in psychotherapy research refers to the finding that:
A. Only specific, manualized treatments produce significant clinical change.
, B. Most clients deteriorate if they do not receive treatment within the first six months.
C. All bona fide psychotherapy approaches are roughly equivalent in their effectiveness.
D. Older theories of therapy are becoming extinct in the modern medical model.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Named after the Dodo bird in Alice in Wonderland who declared
"Everybody has won and all must have prizes," this effect describes the research
finding that different theoretical orientations and techniques often produce
significantly similar outcomes.
4. A researcher is conducting a study to determine how a specific
cognitive-behavioral intervention performs in a community mental health center
with diverse, non-screened clients. This type of research is known as:
A. Efficacy research
B. Effectiveness research
C. Meta-analytic research
D. Qualitative research
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Effectiveness research focuses on the outcome of psychological
treatment as it is delivered in real-world settings with high external validity,
whereas efficacy research uses tightly controlled experimental trials (RCTs) to
maximize internal validity.
5. A counselor is asked by a close personal friend to provide therapy for his
daughter’s anxiety. The counselor declines, citing the ethical concern of "multiple
roles." What is the primary theoretical reason for avoiding such roles?
A. The counselor cannot charge a friend the standard fee.
B. There is an inherent power differential that could lead to exploitation.
C. Friends are generally less motivated to complete therapy homework.
D. Insurance companies do not reimburse for treating family or friends.
Correct Answer: B
Theories in Context and Practice
,Chapter 1: Psychotherapy and Counseling Essentials: An Introduction
Chapter 2: Psychoanalytic Approaches
Chapter 3: Individual Psychology and Adlerian Therapy
Chapter 4: Existential Theory and Therapy
Chapter 5: Person-Centered Theory and Therapy
Chapter 6: Gestalt Theory and Therapy
Chapter 7: Behavioral Theory and Therapy
Chapter 8: Cognitive-Behavioral Theory and Therapy
Chapter 9: Choice Theory and Reality Therapy
Chapter 10: Feminist Theory and Therapy
Chapter 11: Constructive Theory and Therapy
Chapter 12: Family Systems Theory and Therapy
Chapter 13: Developing Your Multicultural Orientation and Skills
Chapter 14: Integrative and Evidence-Based New Generation Therapies
,Chapter 1: Psychotherapy and Counseling Essentials: An Introduction
1. A client struggling with severe depression reports that since joining a local
volunteer group and receiving increased support from their religious community,
their mood has significantly improved—even before their first formal therapy
session. According to Lambert’s four-factor model, this improvement is best
attributed to:
A. Expectancy
B. The therapeutic relationship
C. Extratherapeutic factors
D. Specific techniques
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Extratherapeutic factors account for approximately 40% of client
improvement and include client variables such as motivation and ego strength, as
well as external sources of help and support within the client's environment, such as
social support or spontaneous remission.
2. In his controversial 1952 article, Hans Eysenck reviewed the available research on
psychotherapy outcomes. Which of the following best summarizes his primary
conclusion?
A. Psychotherapy is effective only when combined with biomedical interventions.
B. There is no evidence that psychotherapy is more effective than the mere passage of
time.
C. Behavioral therapies are significantly superior to psychoanalytic approaches.
D. The therapeutic alliance is the only factor that predicts positive outcomes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eysenck claimed that roughly two-thirds of neurotic patients would
recover or improve within two years without treatment, and he found an inverse
correlation between recovery and psychotherapy, suggesting it was no more
effective than natural recovery rates.
3. The "Dodo bird effect" in psychotherapy research refers to the finding that:
A. Only specific, manualized treatments produce significant clinical change.
, B. Most clients deteriorate if they do not receive treatment within the first six months.
C. All bona fide psychotherapy approaches are roughly equivalent in their effectiveness.
D. Older theories of therapy are becoming extinct in the modern medical model.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Named after the Dodo bird in Alice in Wonderland who declared
"Everybody has won and all must have prizes," this effect describes the research
finding that different theoretical orientations and techniques often produce
significantly similar outcomes.
4. A researcher is conducting a study to determine how a specific
cognitive-behavioral intervention performs in a community mental health center
with diverse, non-screened clients. This type of research is known as:
A. Efficacy research
B. Effectiveness research
C. Meta-analytic research
D. Qualitative research
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Effectiveness research focuses on the outcome of psychological
treatment as it is delivered in real-world settings with high external validity,
whereas efficacy research uses tightly controlled experimental trials (RCTs) to
maximize internal validity.
5. A counselor is asked by a close personal friend to provide therapy for his
daughter’s anxiety. The counselor declines, citing the ethical concern of "multiple
roles." What is the primary theoretical reason for avoiding such roles?
A. The counselor cannot charge a friend the standard fee.
B. There is an inherent power differential that could lead to exploitation.
C. Friends are generally less motivated to complete therapy homework.
D. Insurance companies do not reimburse for treating family or friends.
Correct Answer: B
