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primary injury
initial damage to the brain that results from the traumatic event
not reversible
secondary injury
an insult to the brain subsequent to the original traumatic event
progressive with delayed cell death
The more time that the injury effects the brain
the more tissue that is affected/gone (Time is tissue)
The three types of mechanisms of brain injury
ischemia, hypoxia, increased ICP
The three compartments of the cranium include:
Brain tissue, CSF, and blood
The normal range of ICP is
0-15mm Hg
If one of the compartments in the cranium increases, what happen to the other two parts?
they decrease
If all three of the compartments of the cranium while one of the compartments is increased,
what can happen?
Possible brain herniation
What could happen if there is a sudden decrease in CSF fluid?
, Brain herniation
If the patient has increased ICP, should you do a lumbar puncture?
Hell no
delirious
in an acutely disturbed state of mind resulting from illness or intoxication and characterized by
restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech.
Obtunded
Less than full alertness (altered level of consciousness), typically as a result of a medical
condition or trauma.
Falls asleep unless stimulated
Stuporous
Deep states of sleep: vigorous stimulation is required but pt cannot stay awake
comatose
Unable to be aroused, even with vigorous painful stimuli; motor responses,such as withdrawal
or posturing, may occur
Decorticate posturing
Contractures toward their core
Decerebrate posturing
posturing in which the neck is extended with jaw clenched; arms are pronated, extended, and
close to the sides; legs are extended straight out; more ominous sign of brain stem
damage. Most Severe.
dysconjugate gaze
paralysis of gaze or lack of coordination between the movements of the two eyes
ocular palsies
One or more cranial nerves dysfunctional such that motor paralysis of the eye impairs
movements in one or more directions
Doll's eye reflex