WGU D236 Patho -Complete Exam
Study Guide – Complete Questions with
Correct Detailed Answers | 100%
Guaranteed Pass | Brand New Version
Prepare with confidence using this brand new and fully updated exam study guide designed
to help students achieve excellent results. This document contains complete exam questions
with correct and detailed answers, carefully organized to help you understand key concepts
and strengthen your exam preparation.
Unlike ordinary study notes, this resource focuses on exam-focused questions and accurate
answers that help you review the most important topics quickly and effectively. Each answer
includes clear explanations to help you understand the reasoning behind the correct response
and reinforce your knowledge.
What This Study Guide Includes
✔ Complete exam questions covering essential topics
✔ Correct answers with detailed explanations
✔ Clear and well-structured format for easy revision
✔ Coverage of commonly tested concepts
✔ Updated and brand new version for effective exam preparation
Why This Study Guide Is Helpful
This guide is designed to help students review faster, understand concepts better, and
improve their exam confidence. Practicing with structured questions and reviewing detailed
answers helps strengthen your understanding and prepares you for the types of questions
commonly seen in exams.
Perfect For
• Final exam preparation
• Midterm reviews
• Self-study and revision
,• Strengthening weak subject areas
• Improving academic performance
Whether you are reviewing weeks before the exam or doing last-minute revision, this guide
provides the structured practice and clear explanations needed to succeed.
A powerful study resource designed to support exam success and boost confidence.
uses extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue, such as tumors or damaged nerves
TREATMENT FOR PROSTATE CANCER
cryoablation
lung disease caused by a long term inhalation of silica dust which leads to lung inflammation,
scarring, and breathing difficulties.
GUY WITH SANDBLASTER
silicosis
damages motor neurons which control voluntary muscle movements
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS, WEAKNESS, LOWER EXTREMITY TWITCHING AND.
PRESCRIBED ANTI GLUTAMATE
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
most common form of ALS that occurs randomly without a known genetic
cause or family history
SPORADIC ALS
A 60-year-old man presents with progressive muscle weakness. He reports difficulty walking,
muscle twitching, and recent trouble swallowing. On exam, he has both upper motor neuron
signs (e.g., hyperreflexia, spasticity) and lower motor neuron signs (e.g., muscle atrophy,
fasciculations). Sensation remains intact.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
chronic degenerative joint disease that occurs when cartilage that cushions the end of bones
gradually wears down over time.
osteoarthritis
,(associated with Osteoarthritis instead of RA)
Enlargement and bulging of a joint contour, commonly described as swelling, are attributed to
the thickening of the subchondral bone from the proliferation of osteophytes around the
margins of the joint and hypertrophy in the joint capsule.
Bouchard nodes
and
Heberden nodes
A 68-year-old woman complains of chronic knee pain that worsens with activity and improves
with rest. On examination, there is bony enlargement of the distal interphalangeal joints
(Heberden's nodes) and crepitus in the knees. There is no warmth or significant swelling.
osteoarthritis
chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium
causing inflammation, pain, and joint damage.
rheumatoid arthritis
A 45-year-old woman presents with joint pain and stiffness in her hands and wrists. She
reports the stiffness is worst in the morning and lasts for over an hour. On exam, there
is swelling, tenderness, and limited range of motion in the metacarpophalangeal
(MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints bilaterally. Lab results show
positive rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibodies.
rheumatoid arthritis
an infection or inflammation of the inner lining of the heart affecting the heart valves.
it is caused by bacteria, fungi, or other germs (tooth decay)
**Night sweats
***loud heart murmur
VEGETATION SHOWN ON AN ECHO
ENDOCARDITIS
A 35-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use presents with fever, chills, and
fatigue. On exam, he has a new systolic murmur and small, painless lesions on the palms and
soles (Janeway lesions). Blood cultures are positive for Staphylococcus aureus.
ENDOCARDITIS
, NECK/JAW PAIN
CHEST PAIN (angina pectoris)
VOMITING
DIAGNOSIS
**LACK OF O2=death to muscle tissue (necrosis)
**OCCLUSION OF CORONARY ATERY
MI (myocardial infarction)
A 58-year-old man presents to the emergency department with crushing chest pain radiating
to his left arm, shortness of breath, and nausea. He is diaphoretic. ECG shows ST-segment
elevations in leads II, III, and aVF. Troponin levels are elevated.
MI (myocardial infarction)
occurs when there is a mismatch between oxygen supply and demand in the heart leading to
ischemia (lack of oxygen) and heart muscle damage but without a direct blockage of a
coronary artery
type 2 MI (myocardial infarction)
A 70-year-old woman is admitted with sepsis from a urinary tract infection. She develops
chest discomfort and shortness of breath. Troponin levels are elevated, but ECG shows no ST-
segment elevations. Coronary angiography reveals no significant obstructive coronary artery
disease
type 2 MI (myocardial infarction)
What is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction?
HEART DISEASE
chronic liver disease where healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue which impairs the
livers ability to function properly
cirrhosis
Ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity)
jaundice
elevated AST and ALT
cirrhosis
Cirrhosis =
scarred liver, can’t filter → ascites (fluid accumulates) + jaundice.
Study Guide – Complete Questions with
Correct Detailed Answers | 100%
Guaranteed Pass | Brand New Version
Prepare with confidence using this brand new and fully updated exam study guide designed
to help students achieve excellent results. This document contains complete exam questions
with correct and detailed answers, carefully organized to help you understand key concepts
and strengthen your exam preparation.
Unlike ordinary study notes, this resource focuses on exam-focused questions and accurate
answers that help you review the most important topics quickly and effectively. Each answer
includes clear explanations to help you understand the reasoning behind the correct response
and reinforce your knowledge.
What This Study Guide Includes
✔ Complete exam questions covering essential topics
✔ Correct answers with detailed explanations
✔ Clear and well-structured format for easy revision
✔ Coverage of commonly tested concepts
✔ Updated and brand new version for effective exam preparation
Why This Study Guide Is Helpful
This guide is designed to help students review faster, understand concepts better, and
improve their exam confidence. Practicing with structured questions and reviewing detailed
answers helps strengthen your understanding and prepares you for the types of questions
commonly seen in exams.
Perfect For
• Final exam preparation
• Midterm reviews
• Self-study and revision
,• Strengthening weak subject areas
• Improving academic performance
Whether you are reviewing weeks before the exam or doing last-minute revision, this guide
provides the structured practice and clear explanations needed to succeed.
A powerful study resource designed to support exam success and boost confidence.
uses extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue, such as tumors or damaged nerves
TREATMENT FOR PROSTATE CANCER
cryoablation
lung disease caused by a long term inhalation of silica dust which leads to lung inflammation,
scarring, and breathing difficulties.
GUY WITH SANDBLASTER
silicosis
damages motor neurons which control voluntary muscle movements
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS, WEAKNESS, LOWER EXTREMITY TWITCHING AND.
PRESCRIBED ANTI GLUTAMATE
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
most common form of ALS that occurs randomly without a known genetic
cause or family history
SPORADIC ALS
A 60-year-old man presents with progressive muscle weakness. He reports difficulty walking,
muscle twitching, and recent trouble swallowing. On exam, he has both upper motor neuron
signs (e.g., hyperreflexia, spasticity) and lower motor neuron signs (e.g., muscle atrophy,
fasciculations). Sensation remains intact.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
chronic degenerative joint disease that occurs when cartilage that cushions the end of bones
gradually wears down over time.
osteoarthritis
,(associated with Osteoarthritis instead of RA)
Enlargement and bulging of a joint contour, commonly described as swelling, are attributed to
the thickening of the subchondral bone from the proliferation of osteophytes around the
margins of the joint and hypertrophy in the joint capsule.
Bouchard nodes
and
Heberden nodes
A 68-year-old woman complains of chronic knee pain that worsens with activity and improves
with rest. On examination, there is bony enlargement of the distal interphalangeal joints
(Heberden's nodes) and crepitus in the knees. There is no warmth or significant swelling.
osteoarthritis
chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium
causing inflammation, pain, and joint damage.
rheumatoid arthritis
A 45-year-old woman presents with joint pain and stiffness in her hands and wrists. She
reports the stiffness is worst in the morning and lasts for over an hour. On exam, there
is swelling, tenderness, and limited range of motion in the metacarpophalangeal
(MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints bilaterally. Lab results show
positive rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibodies.
rheumatoid arthritis
an infection or inflammation of the inner lining of the heart affecting the heart valves.
it is caused by bacteria, fungi, or other germs (tooth decay)
**Night sweats
***loud heart murmur
VEGETATION SHOWN ON AN ECHO
ENDOCARDITIS
A 35-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use presents with fever, chills, and
fatigue. On exam, he has a new systolic murmur and small, painless lesions on the palms and
soles (Janeway lesions). Blood cultures are positive for Staphylococcus aureus.
ENDOCARDITIS
, NECK/JAW PAIN
CHEST PAIN (angina pectoris)
VOMITING
DIAGNOSIS
**LACK OF O2=death to muscle tissue (necrosis)
**OCCLUSION OF CORONARY ATERY
MI (myocardial infarction)
A 58-year-old man presents to the emergency department with crushing chest pain radiating
to his left arm, shortness of breath, and nausea. He is diaphoretic. ECG shows ST-segment
elevations in leads II, III, and aVF. Troponin levels are elevated.
MI (myocardial infarction)
occurs when there is a mismatch between oxygen supply and demand in the heart leading to
ischemia (lack of oxygen) and heart muscle damage but without a direct blockage of a
coronary artery
type 2 MI (myocardial infarction)
A 70-year-old woman is admitted with sepsis from a urinary tract infection. She develops
chest discomfort and shortness of breath. Troponin levels are elevated, but ECG shows no ST-
segment elevations. Coronary angiography reveals no significant obstructive coronary artery
disease
type 2 MI (myocardial infarction)
What is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction?
HEART DISEASE
chronic liver disease where healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue which impairs the
livers ability to function properly
cirrhosis
Ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity)
jaundice
elevated AST and ALT
cirrhosis
Cirrhosis =
scarred liver, can’t filter → ascites (fluid accumulates) + jaundice.
