APEX Unit 1 - Respiratory
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fyoebl
1. -Which muscles -Cricothyroid: "Cords Tense" (enlongate)
tense and relax
the vocal cords? -Thyroarytenoid: "They Relax" (shorten)
2. Which mus- -Posterior Cricoarytenoid: "Please Come Apart"
cles abduct and
adduct the vocal -Lateral Cricoarytenoid: "Let's Close Airway"
cords?
3. Describe the sen- Trigeminal
sory innervation -V1 (Ophthalmic) = Nares and anterior 1/3 of septum
of the upper air- -V2 (Maxillary) = Turbinates and septum
way -V3 (Mandibular) = Anterior 2/3 of tongue
Glossopharyngeal
-Posterior 1/3 of tongue
-Soft palate
-Oropharynx
-Vallecula
-Anterior side of epiglottis
Superior laryngeal
-Internal branch = posterior side of epiglottis to the level of the vocal cords
-External branch = 0 sensory function, motor innervation to the cricothyroid
muscle
Recurrent laryngeal
-All intrinsic muscles except the cricothyroid
4. How does re- Bilateral
current laryngeal -Acute = Respiratory distress (unopposed action of cricothyroid muscles)
nerve injury affect
, APEX Unit 1 - Respiratory
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fyoebl
the integrity of the
airway? -Chronic = No respiratory distress
5. How does superi- -Bilateral = Hoarseness/No respiratory distress
or laryngeal nerve
injury affect the -Unilateral = No respiratory distress
integrity of the air-
way?
6. Name 3 airway -Glossopharyngeal nerve block: Palatoglossal arch at the anterior tonsillar pillar
blocks and iden-
tify the key land- -Superior laryngeal nerve block: Greater cornu of hyoid
marks for each
-Transtracheal nerve block: Cricothyroid membrane
one
7. What are the 3 -Unpaired: Epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid
paired and 3 un-
paired cartilages -Paired: Corniculate, arytenoid, cuneiform
of the larynx?
8. What is the treat- -100% FiO2
ment for laryn- -Remove noxious stimulation
gospasm? -Deepen anesthesia
-CPAP 15-20 cmH2O
-Open the airway (head extension, chin lift)
-Larson's maneuver
-Succinylcholine
9. What should you -Infants and small children should receive atropine 0.02 mg/kg (20 mcg/kg) with
keep in mind succinylcholine
about infants and
small children re- -If no IV access, submittal administration will produce the fastest onset
ceiving succinyl-
, APEX Unit 1 - Respiratory
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fyoebl
choline?
-What site pro-
duced the fastest
onset (excluding
IV)?
10. Describe how the Inspiration
respiratory mus- -Diaphragm and external intercostals contract
cles function dur- -Accessory muscles include the sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles
ing the breathing
cycle Expiration
-Exhalation is usually passive
-Active exhalation is carried out by the *abdominal musculature* (rectus abdo-
minis, transverse abdominis, internal obliques, external obliques)
-Internal intercostals serve secondary role in active exhalation
11. What is the dif- Alveolar ventilation removes the anatomic dead space gas from the minute ven-
ference between tilation equation
minute ventilation
and alveolar venti-
lation?
12. Define the 4 types -Anatomic Vd: Air confined to the conducting airways
of dead space
-Alveolar Vd: Alveoli that are ventilated but not perfused
-Physiologic Vd: Anatomic Vd + Alveolar Vd
-Apparatus Vd: Vd added by equipment
13. What does the -Best ventilated alveoli are the most compliant (steep portion of the curve)
alveolar compli-
-Poorest ventilated alveoli are the least compliant (flat portion of the curve)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fyoebl
1. -Which muscles -Cricothyroid: "Cords Tense" (enlongate)
tense and relax
the vocal cords? -Thyroarytenoid: "They Relax" (shorten)
2. Which mus- -Posterior Cricoarytenoid: "Please Come Apart"
cles abduct and
adduct the vocal -Lateral Cricoarytenoid: "Let's Close Airway"
cords?
3. Describe the sen- Trigeminal
sory innervation -V1 (Ophthalmic) = Nares and anterior 1/3 of septum
of the upper air- -V2 (Maxillary) = Turbinates and septum
way -V3 (Mandibular) = Anterior 2/3 of tongue
Glossopharyngeal
-Posterior 1/3 of tongue
-Soft palate
-Oropharynx
-Vallecula
-Anterior side of epiglottis
Superior laryngeal
-Internal branch = posterior side of epiglottis to the level of the vocal cords
-External branch = 0 sensory function, motor innervation to the cricothyroid
muscle
Recurrent laryngeal
-All intrinsic muscles except the cricothyroid
4. How does re- Bilateral
current laryngeal -Acute = Respiratory distress (unopposed action of cricothyroid muscles)
nerve injury affect
, APEX Unit 1 - Respiratory
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fyoebl
the integrity of the
airway? -Chronic = No respiratory distress
5. How does superi- -Bilateral = Hoarseness/No respiratory distress
or laryngeal nerve
injury affect the -Unilateral = No respiratory distress
integrity of the air-
way?
6. Name 3 airway -Glossopharyngeal nerve block: Palatoglossal arch at the anterior tonsillar pillar
blocks and iden-
tify the key land- -Superior laryngeal nerve block: Greater cornu of hyoid
marks for each
-Transtracheal nerve block: Cricothyroid membrane
one
7. What are the 3 -Unpaired: Epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid
paired and 3 un-
paired cartilages -Paired: Corniculate, arytenoid, cuneiform
of the larynx?
8. What is the treat- -100% FiO2
ment for laryn- -Remove noxious stimulation
gospasm? -Deepen anesthesia
-CPAP 15-20 cmH2O
-Open the airway (head extension, chin lift)
-Larson's maneuver
-Succinylcholine
9. What should you -Infants and small children should receive atropine 0.02 mg/kg (20 mcg/kg) with
keep in mind succinylcholine
about infants and
small children re- -If no IV access, submittal administration will produce the fastest onset
ceiving succinyl-
, APEX Unit 1 - Respiratory
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fyoebl
choline?
-What site pro-
duced the fastest
onset (excluding
IV)?
10. Describe how the Inspiration
respiratory mus- -Diaphragm and external intercostals contract
cles function dur- -Accessory muscles include the sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles
ing the breathing
cycle Expiration
-Exhalation is usually passive
-Active exhalation is carried out by the *abdominal musculature* (rectus abdo-
minis, transverse abdominis, internal obliques, external obliques)
-Internal intercostals serve secondary role in active exhalation
11. What is the dif- Alveolar ventilation removes the anatomic dead space gas from the minute ven-
ference between tilation equation
minute ventilation
and alveolar venti-
lation?
12. Define the 4 types -Anatomic Vd: Air confined to the conducting airways
of dead space
-Alveolar Vd: Alveoli that are ventilated but not perfused
-Physiologic Vd: Anatomic Vd + Alveolar Vd
-Apparatus Vd: Vd added by equipment
13. What does the -Best ventilated alveoli are the most compliant (steep portion of the curve)
alveolar compli-
-Poorest ventilated alveoli are the least compliant (flat portion of the curve)
