The role of the kidneys in maintaining acid-base balance
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regulate bicarbonate in the ECF. they can regenerate bicarbonate ions as
well as reabsorb them from the renal tubular cells.
respiratory acidosis and most cases of metabolic acidosis, the kidneys
excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to help restore
balance.
In respiratory and metabolic alkalosis, the kidneys retain hydrogen ions and
excrete bicarbonate ions to help restore balance.
Renal compensation for imbalances is relatively slow. can not compensate
for metabolic acidosis because of kidney injury
what is the normal aging process of the skin
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-thinning of skin
-uneven pigmentation
-wrinkling, skin folds, and decreased elasticity (collagen and subcutaneous
fat start to thin)
-increased fragility and increased potential for injury
-reduced healing ability
-dry skin
-diminished hair
The management and nursing care of the patient with bacterial infections of the skin
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impetigo(picture) and folliculitis(inflammation of hair follicle)
, furuncles and carbuncle (zit)
IMPETIGO
-highly contagious
-patient edu: antibiotics, hygiene, and skin and lesion care
-bathe daily with antibacterial soap
FOLLICULITIS
-warm compress
-antibacterial soaps
-antibacterial ointments
-increase hygiene practices
Hyponatremia
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, Acute- results of fluid overload of a surgical patient
chronic-typically asymptomatic, seen outside hospital setting, longer
duration, less serious neurologic sequelae
CAUSE: imbalance of water, losses by vomiting, diarrhea, sweating,
diuretics, adrenal insufficiency, certain meds, syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), Hyperglycemia and heart failure
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, headache,
lethargy, dizziness, confusion, muscle cramps and weakness, muscular
twitching, seizures, papilledema, dry skin, ↑ pulse, ↓ BP, weight gain, edema
LAB VALUES: ↓ serum and urine sodium, ↓ urine specific gravity and
osmolality
erosin
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Loss of superficial epidermis that does not extend to
dermis; depressed, moist area
Ruptured vesicles, scratch marks
filtration
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movement of water and solutes from area of high hydrostatic pressure to
area of low hydrostatic pressure
, use the nursing process as a framework for care of patients with self-care deficits
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ASSESSMENT
-Assess the patient's strength to accomplish ADLs efficiently and cautiously
on a daily basis using a proper assessment tool, such as the Functional
Independence Measures (FIM).
-Determine the specific cause of each deficit (e.g., visual problems,
weakness, cognitive impairment).
-Consider the patient's need for assistive devices.
-Recognize choice for food, personal care items, and other things.
PLANNING/GOALS
-performing the following activities independently or with assistance
-using adaptive or assistive devices as appropriate: bathing/hygiene,
dressing/grooming, feeding, and toileting.
-patient expression of satisfaction with the extent of independence
achieved in self-care activities.
INTERVENTIONS
-Repetition, practice, and demonstrations help patients achieve maximum
independence in personal care activities.
-provide an optimal learning environment that minimizes distractions.
- identify the patient's optimal time to work on activities, encourage
concentration
-identify endurance issues that may affect safety
-provide cues and reminders to patients with specific disabilities
pustule
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Pus-filled vesicle or bulla
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regulate bicarbonate in the ECF. they can regenerate bicarbonate ions as
well as reabsorb them from the renal tubular cells.
respiratory acidosis and most cases of metabolic acidosis, the kidneys
excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to help restore
balance.
In respiratory and metabolic alkalosis, the kidneys retain hydrogen ions and
excrete bicarbonate ions to help restore balance.
Renal compensation for imbalances is relatively slow. can not compensate
for metabolic acidosis because of kidney injury
what is the normal aging process of the skin
,Give this one a try later!
-thinning of skin
-uneven pigmentation
-wrinkling, skin folds, and decreased elasticity (collagen and subcutaneous
fat start to thin)
-increased fragility and increased potential for injury
-reduced healing ability
-dry skin
-diminished hair
The management and nursing care of the patient with bacterial infections of the skin
Give this one a try later!
impetigo(picture) and folliculitis(inflammation of hair follicle)
, furuncles and carbuncle (zit)
IMPETIGO
-highly contagious
-patient edu: antibiotics, hygiene, and skin and lesion care
-bathe daily with antibacterial soap
FOLLICULITIS
-warm compress
-antibacterial soaps
-antibacterial ointments
-increase hygiene practices
Hyponatremia
Give this one a try later!
, Acute- results of fluid overload of a surgical patient
chronic-typically asymptomatic, seen outside hospital setting, longer
duration, less serious neurologic sequelae
CAUSE: imbalance of water, losses by vomiting, diarrhea, sweating,
diuretics, adrenal insufficiency, certain meds, syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), Hyperglycemia and heart failure
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, headache,
lethargy, dizziness, confusion, muscle cramps and weakness, muscular
twitching, seizures, papilledema, dry skin, ↑ pulse, ↓ BP, weight gain, edema
LAB VALUES: ↓ serum and urine sodium, ↓ urine specific gravity and
osmolality
erosin
Give this one a try later!
Loss of superficial epidermis that does not extend to
dermis; depressed, moist area
Ruptured vesicles, scratch marks
filtration
Give this one a try later!
movement of water and solutes from area of high hydrostatic pressure to
area of low hydrostatic pressure
, use the nursing process as a framework for care of patients with self-care deficits
Give this one a try later!
ASSESSMENT
-Assess the patient's strength to accomplish ADLs efficiently and cautiously
on a daily basis using a proper assessment tool, such as the Functional
Independence Measures (FIM).
-Determine the specific cause of each deficit (e.g., visual problems,
weakness, cognitive impairment).
-Consider the patient's need for assistive devices.
-Recognize choice for food, personal care items, and other things.
PLANNING/GOALS
-performing the following activities independently or with assistance
-using adaptive or assistive devices as appropriate: bathing/hygiene,
dressing/grooming, feeding, and toileting.
-patient expression of satisfaction with the extent of independence
achieved in self-care activities.
INTERVENTIONS
-Repetition, practice, and demonstrations help patients achieve maximum
independence in personal care activities.
-provide an optimal learning environment that minimizes distractions.
- identify the patient's optimal time to work on activities, encourage
concentration
-identify endurance issues that may affect safety
-provide cues and reminders to patients with specific disabilities
pustule
Give this one a try later!
Pus-filled vesicle or bulla
