Steroids
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4 carbon rings and a carbon chain
Simple sugars (monosaccharides)
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Ratio: 1C:2H:10 (C H O)
,Physiology
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Science of function
Cytoplasm
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Structure: Cellular contents between the plasma
membranes and nucleus - cytosol and organelles
Functions: Site of all intracellular activities except those
occurring in the nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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Structure: Membranous network of flattened sacs or tubules. Rough ER is
covered by ribosomes and is attached to nuclear envelope; smooth ER
lacks ribosomes.
Functions: Rough ER synthesizes glycoproteins and phospholipids that are
transferred to cellular organelles, inserted into the plasma membrane, or
secreted during exocytosis. Smooth ER synthesizes fatty acids and steroids;
inactivates or detoxifies drugs; remove phosphate group from glucose-6-
phosphate; and stores and releases calcium ions in muscle cells.
, Mitochondrion
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Structure: Contists of outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, cristae,
and matrix, new mitchondria from preexisting ones.
Function: Site of aerobic cellular respiration reactions that produce most of
a cell's ATP.
Cytosol
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Structure: composed of water, solutes, suspended particles, lipid droplets,
and glycogen granules.
Functions: Medium in which many of cell's metabolic reactions occur.
Peroxisome
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Structure: Vesicles containing oxidases (oxidative enzyme) and catalase (
decomposes hydrogen peroxide); new peroxisomes bud from preexisting
(proteolytic enzyumes)
Function: Oxidizes amino acids and fatty acids; detoxifies harmful
substances, such as alcohol; produces hydrogen peroxide.
Ions
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4 carbon rings and a carbon chain
Simple sugars (monosaccharides)
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Ratio: 1C:2H:10 (C H O)
,Physiology
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Science of function
Cytoplasm
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Structure: Cellular contents between the plasma
membranes and nucleus - cytosol and organelles
Functions: Site of all intracellular activities except those
occurring in the nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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Structure: Membranous network of flattened sacs or tubules. Rough ER is
covered by ribosomes and is attached to nuclear envelope; smooth ER
lacks ribosomes.
Functions: Rough ER synthesizes glycoproteins and phospholipids that are
transferred to cellular organelles, inserted into the plasma membrane, or
secreted during exocytosis. Smooth ER synthesizes fatty acids and steroids;
inactivates or detoxifies drugs; remove phosphate group from glucose-6-
phosphate; and stores and releases calcium ions in muscle cells.
, Mitochondrion
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Structure: Contists of outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, cristae,
and matrix, new mitchondria from preexisting ones.
Function: Site of aerobic cellular respiration reactions that produce most of
a cell's ATP.
Cytosol
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Structure: composed of water, solutes, suspended particles, lipid droplets,
and glycogen granules.
Functions: Medium in which many of cell's metabolic reactions occur.
Peroxisome
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Structure: Vesicles containing oxidases (oxidative enzyme) and catalase (
decomposes hydrogen peroxide); new peroxisomes bud from preexisting
(proteolytic enzyumes)
Function: Oxidizes amino acids and fatty acids; detoxifies harmful
substances, such as alcohol; produces hydrogen peroxide.
Ions
