E109 - MODULE 1 AND 2 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Which organs include both connective and epithelial tissue? - Answers Intestinal Epithelium., Cardiac
Muscle, Neurons, Skin (only one that is an organ)
Select all of the following TRUE statements. - Answers Ground substance may be a liquid.
All connective tissue includes cells.
Choose the level(s) of biological organization that pertain to physiology. - Answers Tissues, Molecules
Which of the following are types of epithelia? - Answers Exchange, Ciliated, Secretory, Protective
Imagine an exercising muscle cell that requires a constant supply of oxygen to avoid fatigue. At which
of the following distances from a capillary would you predict these muscle cells to have sufficient
oxygen delivery? - Answers 100 nm
2𝜇𝑚
Which of the following factors increase the rate of diffusion across a membrane? - Answers Increasing
membrane permeability
Increasing the membrane area.
Increasing the solute concentration difference across the membrane.
Which of the following factors decrease the rate of diffusion across a membrane? - Answers
Increasing membrane thickness
By what factor would the rate of diffusion across a membrane change if both its area and thickness
doubled?
For example, if the rate increased three-fold, then you would answer "3". If these changes cause the
new rate to be 1/3 of the original rate, then you would answer "0.33". - Answers 1, (According to
Fick's Law, the rate of diffusion is proportional to membrane area and inversely proportional to its
thickness. The same increase in both causes the two factors to cancel out. We accept either "1" or "0"
as correct answers.)
Increases in which of the following increase the rate of chemical diffusion? - Answers Temperature
Decreases in which of the following increase the rate of chemical diffusion? - Answers Molecular Mass
Channel proteins are capable of active transport. - Answers False (Carrier proteins are capable of
active transport)
What proteins bind epithelial cells together to provide a strong membrane and chemical barrier? -
Answers Desmosomes (mechanically integrate cells within tissues and thereby function to resist
mechanical stress).
Tight Junctions (form the continuous intercellular barrier between epithelial cells, which is required to
separate tissue spaces and regulate selective movement of solutes across the epithelium).
What is the most important reason for why it requires energy to transport glucose across the apical
surface of a digestive epithelial cell? - Answers The concentration of glucose is greater within the cell
than in the gut lumen.
What is the primary reason that K+ has a higher concentration inside a cell than outside? - Answers
Na+ -K+ -ATPase
Channels that are critical for human hearing - Answers Mechanically-gated
Channels that respond to neurotransmitters - Answers Ligand-gated
Channels that are sensitive to changes in electrical activity - Answers Voltage-gated
Imagine you decreased [K+] in the interstitial fluid, but wanted to maintain the same resting
membrane potential. What other changes could you make to maintain the resting potential? -
Answers Increase permeability to sodium.
Increase sodium in the interstitial fluid.
Select with statement is not true about action potentials. - Answers The inactivation gate reduces
permeability in the voltage-gated K+ channel(there is no inactivation gate for K+)
At time replorization, what is the most likely state of a Na+ channel? - Answers The activation gate is
open and the inactivation gate is closed
Can another action potential be triggered at time vi(between 2-4s)? - Answers Yes, but the threshold
is greater than -55 mV.
What would happen to an action potential (AP) if you strongly depolarized the membrane with a
stimulating electrode near the axon terminal (i.e. at the distal end)? - Answers The AP would
propagate toward the cell body.
(There is no inherent polarity to the axon membrane. Therefore, the direction of the AP is away from
the depolarization, wherever that may occur).
Which organs include both connective and epithelial tissue? - Answers Intestinal Epithelium., Cardiac
Muscle, Neurons, Skin (only one that is an organ)
Select all of the following TRUE statements. - Answers Ground substance may be a liquid.
All connective tissue includes cells.
Choose the level(s) of biological organization that pertain to physiology. - Answers Tissues, Molecules
Which of the following are types of epithelia? - Answers Exchange, Ciliated, Secretory, Protective
Imagine an exercising muscle cell that requires a constant supply of oxygen to avoid fatigue. At which
of the following distances from a capillary would you predict these muscle cells to have sufficient
oxygen delivery? - Answers 100 nm
2𝜇𝑚
Which of the following factors increase the rate of diffusion across a membrane? - Answers Increasing
membrane permeability
Increasing the membrane area.
Increasing the solute concentration difference across the membrane.
Which of the following factors decrease the rate of diffusion across a membrane? - Answers
Increasing membrane thickness
By what factor would the rate of diffusion across a membrane change if both its area and thickness
doubled?
For example, if the rate increased three-fold, then you would answer "3". If these changes cause the
new rate to be 1/3 of the original rate, then you would answer "0.33". - Answers 1, (According to
Fick's Law, the rate of diffusion is proportional to membrane area and inversely proportional to its
thickness. The same increase in both causes the two factors to cancel out. We accept either "1" or "0"
as correct answers.)
Increases in which of the following increase the rate of chemical diffusion? - Answers Temperature
Decreases in which of the following increase the rate of chemical diffusion? - Answers Molecular Mass
Channel proteins are capable of active transport. - Answers False (Carrier proteins are capable of
active transport)
What proteins bind epithelial cells together to provide a strong membrane and chemical barrier? -
Answers Desmosomes (mechanically integrate cells within tissues and thereby function to resist
mechanical stress).
Tight Junctions (form the continuous intercellular barrier between epithelial cells, which is required to
separate tissue spaces and regulate selective movement of solutes across the epithelium).
What is the most important reason for why it requires energy to transport glucose across the apical
surface of a digestive epithelial cell? - Answers The concentration of glucose is greater within the cell
than in the gut lumen.
What is the primary reason that K+ has a higher concentration inside a cell than outside? - Answers
Na+ -K+ -ATPase
Channels that are critical for human hearing - Answers Mechanically-gated
Channels that respond to neurotransmitters - Answers Ligand-gated
Channels that are sensitive to changes in electrical activity - Answers Voltage-gated
Imagine you decreased [K+] in the interstitial fluid, but wanted to maintain the same resting
membrane potential. What other changes could you make to maintain the resting potential? -
Answers Increase permeability to sodium.
Increase sodium in the interstitial fluid.
Select with statement is not true about action potentials. - Answers The inactivation gate reduces
permeability in the voltage-gated K+ channel(there is no inactivation gate for K+)
At time replorization, what is the most likely state of a Na+ channel? - Answers The activation gate is
open and the inactivation gate is closed
Can another action potential be triggered at time vi(between 2-4s)? - Answers Yes, but the threshold
is greater than -55 mV.
What would happen to an action potential (AP) if you strongly depolarized the membrane with a
stimulating electrode near the axon terminal (i.e. at the distal end)? - Answers The AP would
propagate toward the cell body.
(There is no inherent polarity to the axon membrane. Therefore, the direction of the AP is away from
the depolarization, wherever that may occur).
