APHY 101 Final Exam| Complete questions and 100% correct answers| Latest Update 2026/2027

APHY 101 Final Exam| Complete questions and 100% correct answers| Latest Update 2026/2027 What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body parts What are the levels of organization? subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism What are the requirements of life? Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure What are the characteristics of life? Movement (internal or gross); Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes) Define homeostasis Body's maintenance of a stable environment What is a homeostatic mechanism? the body maintains homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temperature and pressure sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure Define matter Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is composed of elements. Define element fundamental substance composed of chemically identical atoms Define atoms smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter What is the structure of an atom? An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in orbit around the nucleus. Atomic nucleus the nucleus contains protons and neutrons Proton subatomic particle that has a positive charge Neutron subatomic particle that has no charge Electron subatomic particle that has a negative charge Atomic number number or protons in nucleus Atomic mass number of protons plus number of neutrons What are covalent bonds? Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to become stable with filled outer shells What are ionic bonds? 2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom What are hydrogen bonds? Weak attraction between positive end of one polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water