SANS SEC401 MODULE QUIZZES FINAL
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
>> Network security fundamentals
Answer: Protecting network infrastructure and communications
>> OSI model
Answer: 7-layer reference model — Physical, Data Link, Network,
Transport, Session, Presentation, Application
>> TCP/IP model
Answer: 4-layer practical model — Network Access, Internet, Transport,
Application
>> Layer 1 (Physical)
Answer: Cables, connectors, signals — hubs operate here
>> Layer 2 (Data Link)
Answer: MAC addresses, frames, switches — Ethernet operates here
>> Layer 3 (Network)
Answer: IP addresses, routing — routers operate here
>> Layer 4 (Transport)
Answer: TCP, UDP — ports and connections — end-to-end communication
>> Layer 7 (Application)
, Answer: HTTP, DNS, SMTP, FTP — user-facing protocols
>> IP address
Answer: Logical address identifying device on a network — IPv4 or IPv6
>> IPv4
Answer: 32-bit address — 4 octets — 4.3 billion addresses — nearly
exhausted
>> IPv6
Answer: 128-bit address — enormous address space — replaces IPv4
>> Subnet mask
Answer: Defines network and host portions of IP address
>> CIDR notation
Answer: Classless Inter-Domain Routing — e.g., 192.168.1.0/24
>> Default gateway
Answer: Router IP address — used to reach networks outside local subnet
>> DNS
Answer: Domain Name System — translates hostnames to IP addresses
>> TCP
Answer: Transmission Control Protocol — reliable, connection-oriented —
3-way handshake
>> UDP
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
>> Network security fundamentals
Answer: Protecting network infrastructure and communications
>> OSI model
Answer: 7-layer reference model — Physical, Data Link, Network,
Transport, Session, Presentation, Application
>> TCP/IP model
Answer: 4-layer practical model — Network Access, Internet, Transport,
Application
>> Layer 1 (Physical)
Answer: Cables, connectors, signals — hubs operate here
>> Layer 2 (Data Link)
Answer: MAC addresses, frames, switches — Ethernet operates here
>> Layer 3 (Network)
Answer: IP addresses, routing — routers operate here
>> Layer 4 (Transport)
Answer: TCP, UDP — ports and connections — end-to-end communication
>> Layer 7 (Application)
, Answer: HTTP, DNS, SMTP, FTP — user-facing protocols
>> IP address
Answer: Logical address identifying device on a network — IPv4 or IPv6
>> IPv4
Answer: 32-bit address — 4 octets — 4.3 billion addresses — nearly
exhausted
>> IPv6
Answer: 128-bit address — enormous address space — replaces IPv4
>> Subnet mask
Answer: Defines network and host portions of IP address
>> CIDR notation
Answer: Classless Inter-Domain Routing — e.g., 192.168.1.0/24
>> Default gateway
Answer: Router IP address — used to reach networks outside local subnet
>> DNS
Answer: Domain Name System — translates hostnames to IP addresses
>> TCP
Answer: Transmission Control Protocol — reliable, connection-oriented —
3-way handshake
>> UDP
