# QUESTION ANSWER
1 What is forensic science? Forensic science is the
application of scientific principles
and techniques to matters of
criminal and civil law, particularly
in the investigation of crimes.
2 Who is considered the father Edmond Locard is often
of forensic science? considered the father of forensic
science, known for Locard's
Exchange Principle.
3 What is Locard's Exchange It states that when two objects
Principle? come into contact, there is
always a transfer of material
between them — every contact
leaves a trace.
4 What is the difference between Criminalistics is a branch of
forensic science and forensic science focused on the
criminalistics? collection, preservation, and
analysis of physical evidence
from crime scenes.
5 What is a forensic A forensic investigation is a
investigation? systematic process of collecting,
preserving, and analyzing
evidence to answer legal
questions or reconstruct events.
6 Name three major disciplines Forensic biology, forensic
within forensic science. chemistry, and forensic
toxicology are three major
disciplines.
,# QUESTION ANSWER
7 What role does a forensic A forensic scientist analyzes
scientist play in the legal physical evidence, provides
system? expert testimony, and helps
establish facts in criminal or civil
proceedings.
8 What is the primary goal of The primary goal is to objectively
forensic investigation? determine facts relevant to a
legal matter through scientific
analysis of evidence.
9 What is a chain of custody? Chain of custody is the
documented record of who
collected, handled, transferred,
and analyzed evidence from
collection to court presentation.
10 Why is chain of custody It ensures the integrity and
important? admissibility of evidence by
proving it has not been tampered
with or contaminated.
11 What is physical evidence? Physical evidence is any tangible
item that can be collected from a
crime scene and analyzed to
help solve a crime.
12 What is trace evidence? Trace evidence is small or
microscopic material such as
hair, fibers, or glass fragments
transferred during contact
between people or objects.
13 What is the difference between Class evidence narrows a
class evidence and individual sample to a group, while
evidence? individual evidence can be traced
back to a specific person or
source.
14 Give an example of individual DNA and fingerprints are
evidence. examples of individual evidence
because they can uniquely
identify a specific person.
,# QUESTION ANSWER
15 Give an example of class Paint chips, fiber samples, and
evidence. blood type are examples of class
evidence.
16 What is the Frye Standard? The Frye Standard requires that
scientific evidence be generally
accepted by the relevant
scientific community to be
admissible in court.
17 What is the Daubert Standard? The Daubert Standard requires
that scientific testimony be based
on sufficient facts or data,
reliable methodology, and
applicable to the facts of the
case.
18 What is a crime scene? A crime scene is any location
that may be related to a crime,
containing potential physical
evidence.
19 What does CSI stand for? CSI stands for Crime Scene
Investigation.
20 What is the CSI effect? The CSI effect refers to the
influence of forensic crime
dramas on juror expectations,
often causing unrealistic
demands for forensic evidence.
UNIT 2: Crime Scene Investigation
# QUESTION ANSWER
21 What are the basic steps in The basic steps are: secure the
processing a crime scene? scene, document it, identify and
collect evidence, preserve
evidence, and analyze it in a lab.
22 What is the first step at any Securing the scene to prevent
crime scene? contamination and preserve
evidence is the first step.
, # QUESTION ANSWER
23 What is crime scene Crime scene documentation
documentation? involves sketching,
photographing, and recording
notes about the scene and all
evidence found.
24 What are the three types of The three types are rough sketch
crime scene sketches? (done at the scene), finished
sketch (drawn to scale), and
diagram (detailed layout).
25 Why is photography important Photography provides a
in crime scene investigation? permanent visual record of the
scene, evidence positions, and
conditions before anything is
moved or altered.
26 What is the difference between The primary scene is where the
a primary and secondary crime crime occurred, while the
scene? secondary scene is anywhere
else connected to the crime (e.g.,
where a body was dumped).
27 What are the types of crime Common patterns include grid,
scene search patterns? spiral, strip/lane, zone, and
wheel/ray patterns.
28 What is the spiral search It is used outdoors, where
pattern used for? investigators move from the
outside in or inside out in a
circular pattern.
29 What is the zone search The zone method divides the
method? scene into sections assigned to
individual investigators for
systematic searching.
30 What does SOCO stand for? SOCO stands for Scene of Crime
Officer, a specialist responsible
for collecting and preserving
evidence at crime scenes.
31 What is a perimeter at a crime A perimeter is a secured
scene? boundary established around the
1 What is forensic science? Forensic science is the
application of scientific principles
and techniques to matters of
criminal and civil law, particularly
in the investigation of crimes.
2 Who is considered the father Edmond Locard is often
of forensic science? considered the father of forensic
science, known for Locard's
Exchange Principle.
3 What is Locard's Exchange It states that when two objects
Principle? come into contact, there is
always a transfer of material
between them — every contact
leaves a trace.
4 What is the difference between Criminalistics is a branch of
forensic science and forensic science focused on the
criminalistics? collection, preservation, and
analysis of physical evidence
from crime scenes.
5 What is a forensic A forensic investigation is a
investigation? systematic process of collecting,
preserving, and analyzing
evidence to answer legal
questions or reconstruct events.
6 Name three major disciplines Forensic biology, forensic
within forensic science. chemistry, and forensic
toxicology are three major
disciplines.
,# QUESTION ANSWER
7 What role does a forensic A forensic scientist analyzes
scientist play in the legal physical evidence, provides
system? expert testimony, and helps
establish facts in criminal or civil
proceedings.
8 What is the primary goal of The primary goal is to objectively
forensic investigation? determine facts relevant to a
legal matter through scientific
analysis of evidence.
9 What is a chain of custody? Chain of custody is the
documented record of who
collected, handled, transferred,
and analyzed evidence from
collection to court presentation.
10 Why is chain of custody It ensures the integrity and
important? admissibility of evidence by
proving it has not been tampered
with or contaminated.
11 What is physical evidence? Physical evidence is any tangible
item that can be collected from a
crime scene and analyzed to
help solve a crime.
12 What is trace evidence? Trace evidence is small or
microscopic material such as
hair, fibers, or glass fragments
transferred during contact
between people or objects.
13 What is the difference between Class evidence narrows a
class evidence and individual sample to a group, while
evidence? individual evidence can be traced
back to a specific person or
source.
14 Give an example of individual DNA and fingerprints are
evidence. examples of individual evidence
because they can uniquely
identify a specific person.
,# QUESTION ANSWER
15 Give an example of class Paint chips, fiber samples, and
evidence. blood type are examples of class
evidence.
16 What is the Frye Standard? The Frye Standard requires that
scientific evidence be generally
accepted by the relevant
scientific community to be
admissible in court.
17 What is the Daubert Standard? The Daubert Standard requires
that scientific testimony be based
on sufficient facts or data,
reliable methodology, and
applicable to the facts of the
case.
18 What is a crime scene? A crime scene is any location
that may be related to a crime,
containing potential physical
evidence.
19 What does CSI stand for? CSI stands for Crime Scene
Investigation.
20 What is the CSI effect? The CSI effect refers to the
influence of forensic crime
dramas on juror expectations,
often causing unrealistic
demands for forensic evidence.
UNIT 2: Crime Scene Investigation
# QUESTION ANSWER
21 What are the basic steps in The basic steps are: secure the
processing a crime scene? scene, document it, identify and
collect evidence, preserve
evidence, and analyze it in a lab.
22 What is the first step at any Securing the scene to prevent
crime scene? contamination and preserve
evidence is the first step.
, # QUESTION ANSWER
23 What is crime scene Crime scene documentation
documentation? involves sketching,
photographing, and recording
notes about the scene and all
evidence found.
24 What are the three types of The three types are rough sketch
crime scene sketches? (done at the scene), finished
sketch (drawn to scale), and
diagram (detailed layout).
25 Why is photography important Photography provides a
in crime scene investigation? permanent visual record of the
scene, evidence positions, and
conditions before anything is
moved or altered.
26 What is the difference between The primary scene is where the
a primary and secondary crime crime occurred, while the
scene? secondary scene is anywhere
else connected to the crime (e.g.,
where a body was dumped).
27 What are the types of crime Common patterns include grid,
scene search patterns? spiral, strip/lane, zone, and
wheel/ray patterns.
28 What is the spiral search It is used outdoors, where
pattern used for? investigators move from the
outside in or inside out in a
circular pattern.
29 What is the zone search The zone method divides the
method? scene into sections assigned to
individual investigators for
systematic searching.
30 What does SOCO stand for? SOCO stands for Scene of Crime
Officer, a specialist responsible
for collecting and preserving
evidence at crime scenes.
31 What is a perimeter at a crime A perimeter is a secured
scene? boundary established around the
