Biology Notes Chapters 5.1 - 5.4 TW2 Y3
5.1
● In average human body: 37.2 trillion cells
● Through the fusion of your parents’ sex cells, youinheritmany of
their characteristics.
● DNA: can be thought of as a cookbook on how to makeyour body. It
is a long molecule present in all of your cells.
● Genes: Can be thought of as a dish within the DNAcook book (so, a
section of DNA) . We have 20k genes.
● Genotype: complete set of all of your inherited characteristics.It is
the gene itself. Your genotype doesn’t necessarily show.
● Phenotype: it is how your genotype is expressed. Youmight have
genotype for both blue and brown eyes, but your phenotype is what
you actually see. Can be thought of as genotype + environmental
factors, but it’s not just the environment as sunny or cloudy -
environment in the broader spectrum of the word, starting from
your mom’s womb.
● Chromosomesare structures of DNA. Each carries acode of your
inherited characteristics. You have 23 pairs of chromosomes of the
same characteristic. The gene is the same, the info isn’t.
● The variation of the gene (for the chromosomes) is called theallele,
ex. Hair colour, eye colour, ect.
● An overview of all the chromosomes in your cells is akaryotype.
5.4
● hedominant allelewould only need one (out of two)to show
T
● Therecessive allelewould need two (out of two) toshow
● Ahomozygous pairis when you have a pair of two matchingalleles
● Aheterozygous pairis when you have a pair of twonot matching
alleles
5.1
● In average human body: 37.2 trillion cells
● Through the fusion of your parents’ sex cells, youinheritmany of
their characteristics.
● DNA: can be thought of as a cookbook on how to makeyour body. It
is a long molecule present in all of your cells.
● Genes: Can be thought of as a dish within the DNAcook book (so, a
section of DNA) . We have 20k genes.
● Genotype: complete set of all of your inherited characteristics.It is
the gene itself. Your genotype doesn’t necessarily show.
● Phenotype: it is how your genotype is expressed. Youmight have
genotype for both blue and brown eyes, but your phenotype is what
you actually see. Can be thought of as genotype + environmental
factors, but it’s not just the environment as sunny or cloudy -
environment in the broader spectrum of the word, starting from
your mom’s womb.
● Chromosomesare structures of DNA. Each carries acode of your
inherited characteristics. You have 23 pairs of chromosomes of the
same characteristic. The gene is the same, the info isn’t.
● The variation of the gene (for the chromosomes) is called theallele,
ex. Hair colour, eye colour, ect.
● An overview of all the chromosomes in your cells is akaryotype.
5.4
● hedominant allelewould only need one (out of two)to show
T
● Therecessive allelewould need two (out of two) toshow
● Ahomozygous pairis when you have a pair of two matchingalleles
● Aheterozygous pairis when you have a pair of twonot matching
alleles
