BSC 2086- HEART EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? - Answers Arteries
Which type of blood vessel carries blood back to the heart? - Answers Veins
What type of vessel creates a network of small vessels that interconnect arteries and veins? - Answers
Capillaries
Exchange of materials between blood and interstitial fluid occurs in what type of vessel? - Answers
Capillaries
The pulmonary circuit carries blood to and from the ______________ - Answers Lungs
The systemic circuit carries blood to and from the ____________ - Answers Body
How many chambers does the heart have? - Answers 4
The top two chambers are the ____________ - Answers Atria
The bottom two chambers are the ____________ - Answers Ventricles
The atria are ____________ walled. - Answers Thin
The ventricles are ____________ walled. - Answers Thick
Which chambers are "pumping chambers" - Answers Ventricles
Which chambers are "receiving chambers" - Answers Atria
Which chamber collects blood from the systemic circuit? - Answers Right atrium
Which chamber collects blood from the pulmonary circuit? - Answers Left atrium
Which chamber pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit? - Answers Right ventricle
Which chamber pumps blood to the systemic circuit? - Answers Left ventricle
Looking at the heart from the outside, which landmark separates the left and right ventricles? -
Answers The anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus
The base of the heart refers to? - Answers The superior edge of the heart
The apex of the heart is? - Answers Bottom pointed tip
What membrane lines the outer surface of the heart? - Answers Visceral pericardium (epicardium)
What membrane lines the fibrous pericardium/pericardial sac? - Answers Parietal pericardium
The heart wall is made of what type of tissue? - Answers Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle cells are ____________, to allow multiple cells to interconnect with each other. -
Answers Branched
What structures link neighboring cells in the heart? - Answers Intercalated discs
Intercalated discs have what two components? - Answers Gap junctions and desmosomes
What is the function of the desmosome? - Answers Desmosomes hold the cells together
What is the function of the gap junction? - Answers Allow ions to flow directly from one cell to the
next
The thick layer of heart muscle is called the ____________. - Answers Myocardium
The membrane that lines the inner surface of the heart is called the ____________. - Answers
Endocardium
Inside the heart, the left and right atria are divided by a wall called the? - Answers Inter atrial septum
Inside the heart, the left and right ventricles are divided by a wall called the? - Answers
Interventricular septum
How many valves are in the heart? - Answers 4
What is the general function of the heart valves? - Answers To make sure the blood flows in one
direction (forward)
Which valve is in the space between the right atrium and the right ventricle? - Answers The tricuspid
valve or the right atrioventricular valve
Which valve is in the space between the left atrium and left ventricle? - Answers The mitral valve or
the left atrioventricular valve
Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve? - Answers At the base of the the Pulmonary Trunk
Where is the aortic semilunar valve? - Answers At the base of the aorta
The pulmonary valve prevents the back flow of blood into what chamber? - Answers Right Ventricle
The tricuspid valve prevents the back flow of blood into what chamber? - Answers Right atrium
The bicuspid valve prevents the back flow of blood into what chamber? - Answers Left atrium
The aortic valve prevents the back flow of blood into what chamber? - Answers Left ventricle
The atrioventricular valves are stabilized by what structures? - Answers Chordae tendinae and
papillary muscles
, Do the semilunar valves have associated structures for stabilization? - Answers No. Semilunar valves
are not stabilized with papillary muscles or chordae tendinae
The muscular ridges inside the right atria are called... - Answers Pectinate muscles
The muscular ridges inside the ventricles are called... - Answers Trabeculae Carnae
The right atrium receives _______ blood from the body. - Answers Deoxygenated
What three major vessels bring deoxygenated blood into the right atrium? - Answers Superior vena
cava, Inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
The right ventricle pumps ______ blood into the lungs. - Answers Deoxygenated
Blood leaves the right ventricle via the _________ ________. - Answers Pulmonary Trunk
The left atrium receives _______ blood from the lungs. - Answers Oxygenated
Blood enters the left atrium via what vessels? - Answers Right and left superior and inferior
pulmonary veins
The left ventricle pumps ______ blood out to the body. - Answers Oxygenated
Blood leaves the left ventricle via the ________. - Answers Aorta
What structure carries the electrical stimulus to the papillary muscles to make them contract before
the right ventricle contracts? - Answers Moderator Band
Why is it important that the moderator band tell the papillary muscles to contract before the right
ventricle contracts? - Answers So you can stabilize the tricuspid valve before the right ventricle
contracts
The blood supply to and from the muscle of the heart is called __________ _________. - Answers
Coronary Circulation
__________ __________ bring oxygenated blood to the heart. - Answers Coronary Arteries
__________ __________ drain deoxygenated blood from the muscle of the heart. - Answers Cardiac
Veins
The heart contracts in series, first the 2 _________ contract, then the 2 __________ contract. -
Answers Atria; Ventricles
What is the job of the contractile cells of the heart? - Answers To contract (generate force to pump
blood)
What is the job of the conducting cells of the heart? - Answers To generate and spread the action
potential (electrical stimulus) through the heart
Does the heart require neural or hormonal stimulation to start each heartbeat? - Answers No, it can
contract on its own
The heart can generate its own electrical stimulus, so it displays __________. - Answers Automaticity
The electrical stimulus for each heartbeat begins at what part of the conduction system? - Answers
Sinoatrial (SA) node
After the impulse is created in the SA node, it travels down intermodal pathways to the __________
__________. - Answers Atrioventricular (AV) node
The internodal pathways in the connect the SA node and the AV node, and also distribute the
electrical stimulus to the myocardium of the __________. - Answers Atria
After the AV node, the electrical stimulus passes to the __________ __________ and then the bundle
branches. - Answers AV Bundle
The bundle branches carry the electrical stimulus down what part of the heart? - Answers
Interventricular Septum
The bundle branches pass the electrical stimulus to what part of the conduction system? - Answers
Purkinje Fibers
What part of the conduction system is deemed the pacemaker of the heart? - Answers SA Node
What is special about the way the signal passes through the AV node? - Answers There is a delay/it
passes slowly through the AV node.
Why is the electrical signal delayed briefly in the AV node? - Answers To give the atria time to contract
before stimulating the ventricles
What part of the conduction system gives the stimulus to the myocardium of the ventricles? -
Answers Purkinje Fibers
In what direction does the electrical impulse pass through the ventricles? - Answers From the apex
(bottom) towards the base (top)
Conduction cells slowly depolarize, without the need for stimulation, thanks to _________ _______
__________ channels - Answers Leaky sodium channels
The leaky sodium channels allow Na+ to ________ the cell - Answers Enter
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? - Answers Arteries
Which type of blood vessel carries blood back to the heart? - Answers Veins
What type of vessel creates a network of small vessels that interconnect arteries and veins? - Answers
Capillaries
Exchange of materials between blood and interstitial fluid occurs in what type of vessel? - Answers
Capillaries
The pulmonary circuit carries blood to and from the ______________ - Answers Lungs
The systemic circuit carries blood to and from the ____________ - Answers Body
How many chambers does the heart have? - Answers 4
The top two chambers are the ____________ - Answers Atria
The bottom two chambers are the ____________ - Answers Ventricles
The atria are ____________ walled. - Answers Thin
The ventricles are ____________ walled. - Answers Thick
Which chambers are "pumping chambers" - Answers Ventricles
Which chambers are "receiving chambers" - Answers Atria
Which chamber collects blood from the systemic circuit? - Answers Right atrium
Which chamber collects blood from the pulmonary circuit? - Answers Left atrium
Which chamber pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit? - Answers Right ventricle
Which chamber pumps blood to the systemic circuit? - Answers Left ventricle
Looking at the heart from the outside, which landmark separates the left and right ventricles? -
Answers The anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus
The base of the heart refers to? - Answers The superior edge of the heart
The apex of the heart is? - Answers Bottom pointed tip
What membrane lines the outer surface of the heart? - Answers Visceral pericardium (epicardium)
What membrane lines the fibrous pericardium/pericardial sac? - Answers Parietal pericardium
The heart wall is made of what type of tissue? - Answers Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle cells are ____________, to allow multiple cells to interconnect with each other. -
Answers Branched
What structures link neighboring cells in the heart? - Answers Intercalated discs
Intercalated discs have what two components? - Answers Gap junctions and desmosomes
What is the function of the desmosome? - Answers Desmosomes hold the cells together
What is the function of the gap junction? - Answers Allow ions to flow directly from one cell to the
next
The thick layer of heart muscle is called the ____________. - Answers Myocardium
The membrane that lines the inner surface of the heart is called the ____________. - Answers
Endocardium
Inside the heart, the left and right atria are divided by a wall called the? - Answers Inter atrial septum
Inside the heart, the left and right ventricles are divided by a wall called the? - Answers
Interventricular septum
How many valves are in the heart? - Answers 4
What is the general function of the heart valves? - Answers To make sure the blood flows in one
direction (forward)
Which valve is in the space between the right atrium and the right ventricle? - Answers The tricuspid
valve or the right atrioventricular valve
Which valve is in the space between the left atrium and left ventricle? - Answers The mitral valve or
the left atrioventricular valve
Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve? - Answers At the base of the the Pulmonary Trunk
Where is the aortic semilunar valve? - Answers At the base of the aorta
The pulmonary valve prevents the back flow of blood into what chamber? - Answers Right Ventricle
The tricuspid valve prevents the back flow of blood into what chamber? - Answers Right atrium
The bicuspid valve prevents the back flow of blood into what chamber? - Answers Left atrium
The aortic valve prevents the back flow of blood into what chamber? - Answers Left ventricle
The atrioventricular valves are stabilized by what structures? - Answers Chordae tendinae and
papillary muscles
, Do the semilunar valves have associated structures for stabilization? - Answers No. Semilunar valves
are not stabilized with papillary muscles or chordae tendinae
The muscular ridges inside the right atria are called... - Answers Pectinate muscles
The muscular ridges inside the ventricles are called... - Answers Trabeculae Carnae
The right atrium receives _______ blood from the body. - Answers Deoxygenated
What three major vessels bring deoxygenated blood into the right atrium? - Answers Superior vena
cava, Inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
The right ventricle pumps ______ blood into the lungs. - Answers Deoxygenated
Blood leaves the right ventricle via the _________ ________. - Answers Pulmonary Trunk
The left atrium receives _______ blood from the lungs. - Answers Oxygenated
Blood enters the left atrium via what vessels? - Answers Right and left superior and inferior
pulmonary veins
The left ventricle pumps ______ blood out to the body. - Answers Oxygenated
Blood leaves the left ventricle via the ________. - Answers Aorta
What structure carries the electrical stimulus to the papillary muscles to make them contract before
the right ventricle contracts? - Answers Moderator Band
Why is it important that the moderator band tell the papillary muscles to contract before the right
ventricle contracts? - Answers So you can stabilize the tricuspid valve before the right ventricle
contracts
The blood supply to and from the muscle of the heart is called __________ _________. - Answers
Coronary Circulation
__________ __________ bring oxygenated blood to the heart. - Answers Coronary Arteries
__________ __________ drain deoxygenated blood from the muscle of the heart. - Answers Cardiac
Veins
The heart contracts in series, first the 2 _________ contract, then the 2 __________ contract. -
Answers Atria; Ventricles
What is the job of the contractile cells of the heart? - Answers To contract (generate force to pump
blood)
What is the job of the conducting cells of the heart? - Answers To generate and spread the action
potential (electrical stimulus) through the heart
Does the heart require neural or hormonal stimulation to start each heartbeat? - Answers No, it can
contract on its own
The heart can generate its own electrical stimulus, so it displays __________. - Answers Automaticity
The electrical stimulus for each heartbeat begins at what part of the conduction system? - Answers
Sinoatrial (SA) node
After the impulse is created in the SA node, it travels down intermodal pathways to the __________
__________. - Answers Atrioventricular (AV) node
The internodal pathways in the connect the SA node and the AV node, and also distribute the
electrical stimulus to the myocardium of the __________. - Answers Atria
After the AV node, the electrical stimulus passes to the __________ __________ and then the bundle
branches. - Answers AV Bundle
The bundle branches carry the electrical stimulus down what part of the heart? - Answers
Interventricular Septum
The bundle branches pass the electrical stimulus to what part of the conduction system? - Answers
Purkinje Fibers
What part of the conduction system is deemed the pacemaker of the heart? - Answers SA Node
What is special about the way the signal passes through the AV node? - Answers There is a delay/it
passes slowly through the AV node.
Why is the electrical signal delayed briefly in the AV node? - Answers To give the atria time to contract
before stimulating the ventricles
What part of the conduction system gives the stimulus to the myocardium of the ventricles? -
Answers Purkinje Fibers
In what direction does the electrical impulse pass through the ventricles? - Answers From the apex
(bottom) towards the base (top)
Conduction cells slowly depolarize, without the need for stimulation, thanks to _________ _______
__________ channels - Answers Leaky sodium channels
The leaky sodium channels allow Na+ to ________ the cell - Answers Enter
