1. Who is considered the 'Father of Microbiology'?
A) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Robert Koch
D) Joseph Lister
2. Which scientist developed the germ theory of disease?
A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Alexander Fleming
D) Ignaz Semmelweis
3. The first microscope capable of visualizing microorganisms was
developed in the:
A) 15th century
B) 16th century
C) 17th century
D) 18th century
4. Which experiment by Louis Pasteur disproved the theory of spontaneous
generation?
A) Fermentation experiment
B) Swan-neck flask experiment
C) Anthrax vaccine experiment
D) Pasteurization experiment
5. Robert Koch's postulates are used to:
A) Establish the causative agent of a disease
B) Classify microorganisms
C) Determine antibiotic resistance
D) Identify viral infections
6. Which branch of microbiology studies fungi?
A) Virology
B) Bacteriology
C) Mycology
D) Parasitology
,7. Microorganisms that cause disease are called:
A) Saprophytes
B) Pathogens
C) Commensals
D) Symbionts
8. The study of viruses is known as:
A) Virology
B) Mycology
C) Bacteriology
D) Protozoology
9. Which of the following is NOT a domain of life?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukarya
D) Viruses
10. The resolving power of a microscope refers to:
A) Magnification ability
B) Ability to distinguish two adjacent points as separate
C) Depth of field
D) Light intensity
UNIT 2: Cell Structure
11. Which structure is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT eukaryotic cells?
A) Ribosomes
B) Cell membrane
C) Nucleoid region
D) DNA
12. The bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of:
A) Peptidoglycan
B) Chitin
C) Cellulose
D) Phospholipids
13. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A) Ribosome
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
, D) Endoplasmic reticulum
14. Gram-positive bacteria retain crystal violet dye because they have:
A) A thick peptidoglycan layer
B) An outer membrane
C) Lipopolysaccharide
D) A thin cell wall
15. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer is characteristic of:
A) Gram-positive bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Gram-negative bacteria
D) Archaea
16. Bacterial flagella are used primarily for:
A) Attachment
B) Motility
C) DNA transfer
D) Protection
17. Which structure allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces?
A) Flagella
B) Capsule
C) Endospore
D) Pili (fimbriae)
18. Endospores are produced by bacteria to:
A) Survive harsh environmental conditions
B) Reproduce asexually
C) Transfer genetic material
D) Produce toxins
19. The 70S ribosome is characteristic of:
A) Eukaryotic cells only
B) Fungi
C) Prokaryotic cells
D) Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
20. Which bacterial shape is described as 'rod-shaped'?
A) Coccus
B) Bacillus
C) Spirillum
D) Vibrio
, 21. A capsule surrounding a bacterium primarily functions to:
A) Protect against phagocytosis
B) Enable motility
C) Facilitate reproduction
D) Conduct photosynthesis
22. The plasmid is best described as:
A) The main bacterial chromosome
B) An RNA molecule
C) Extrachromosomal circular DNA
D) A membrane-bound organelle
23. Which of the following bacteria forms chains?
A) Staphylococcus
B) Streptococcus
C) Sarcina
D) Micrococcus
24. Teichoic acids are found in the cell walls of:
A) Gram-positive bacteria
B) Gram-negative bacteria
C) Archaea
D) Eukaryotes
25. The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria contains:
A) Peptidoglycan
B) Teichoic acid
C) Cellulose
D) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
UNIT 3: Microscopy
26. Which type of microscopy uses electrons instead of light?
A) Phase-contrast microscopy
B) Electron microscopy
C) Dark-field microscopy
D) Fluorescence microscopy
27. Oil immersion lenses are used to:
A) Reduce glare
B) View specimens at low magnification
C) Increase resolution at high magnification
A) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Robert Koch
D) Joseph Lister
2. Which scientist developed the germ theory of disease?
A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Alexander Fleming
D) Ignaz Semmelweis
3. The first microscope capable of visualizing microorganisms was
developed in the:
A) 15th century
B) 16th century
C) 17th century
D) 18th century
4. Which experiment by Louis Pasteur disproved the theory of spontaneous
generation?
A) Fermentation experiment
B) Swan-neck flask experiment
C) Anthrax vaccine experiment
D) Pasteurization experiment
5. Robert Koch's postulates are used to:
A) Establish the causative agent of a disease
B) Classify microorganisms
C) Determine antibiotic resistance
D) Identify viral infections
6. Which branch of microbiology studies fungi?
A) Virology
B) Bacteriology
C) Mycology
D) Parasitology
,7. Microorganisms that cause disease are called:
A) Saprophytes
B) Pathogens
C) Commensals
D) Symbionts
8. The study of viruses is known as:
A) Virology
B) Mycology
C) Bacteriology
D) Protozoology
9. Which of the following is NOT a domain of life?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukarya
D) Viruses
10. The resolving power of a microscope refers to:
A) Magnification ability
B) Ability to distinguish two adjacent points as separate
C) Depth of field
D) Light intensity
UNIT 2: Cell Structure
11. Which structure is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT eukaryotic cells?
A) Ribosomes
B) Cell membrane
C) Nucleoid region
D) DNA
12. The bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of:
A) Peptidoglycan
B) Chitin
C) Cellulose
D) Phospholipids
13. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A) Ribosome
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
, D) Endoplasmic reticulum
14. Gram-positive bacteria retain crystal violet dye because they have:
A) A thick peptidoglycan layer
B) An outer membrane
C) Lipopolysaccharide
D) A thin cell wall
15. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer is characteristic of:
A) Gram-positive bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Gram-negative bacteria
D) Archaea
16. Bacterial flagella are used primarily for:
A) Attachment
B) Motility
C) DNA transfer
D) Protection
17. Which structure allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces?
A) Flagella
B) Capsule
C) Endospore
D) Pili (fimbriae)
18. Endospores are produced by bacteria to:
A) Survive harsh environmental conditions
B) Reproduce asexually
C) Transfer genetic material
D) Produce toxins
19. The 70S ribosome is characteristic of:
A) Eukaryotic cells only
B) Fungi
C) Prokaryotic cells
D) Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
20. Which bacterial shape is described as 'rod-shaped'?
A) Coccus
B) Bacillus
C) Spirillum
D) Vibrio
, 21. A capsule surrounding a bacterium primarily functions to:
A) Protect against phagocytosis
B) Enable motility
C) Facilitate reproduction
D) Conduct photosynthesis
22. The plasmid is best described as:
A) The main bacterial chromosome
B) An RNA molecule
C) Extrachromosomal circular DNA
D) A membrane-bound organelle
23. Which of the following bacteria forms chains?
A) Staphylococcus
B) Streptococcus
C) Sarcina
D) Micrococcus
24. Teichoic acids are found in the cell walls of:
A) Gram-positive bacteria
B) Gram-negative bacteria
C) Archaea
D) Eukaryotes
25. The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria contains:
A) Peptidoglycan
B) Teichoic acid
C) Cellulose
D) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
UNIT 3: Microscopy
26. Which type of microscopy uses electrons instead of light?
A) Phase-contrast microscopy
B) Electron microscopy
C) Dark-field microscopy
D) Fluorescence microscopy
27. Oil immersion lenses are used to:
A) Reduce glare
B) View specimens at low magnification
C) Increase resolution at high magnification
