BSC 2010C BLOCK 2 CHAPTER 7 PART 2 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE
2026
Osmosis - Answers The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Solute - Answers A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Solvent - Answers The dissolving agent of a solution; in biological systems, this is water.
Solution - Answers A liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
Concentration Gradient - Answers The region along which the density of a chemical substance
increases or decreases.
Tonicity - Answers The ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.
Isotonic - Answers A solution where the solute concentration is the same as inside the cell; no net
water movement occurs.
Hypertonic - Answers A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell; causes the cell to
lose water and shrivel.
Hypotonic - Answers A solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell; causes the cell to gain
water and potentially burst (lyse).
Turgid - Answers The very firm state of a plant cell in a hypotonic environment, which is the healthy
state for most plants.
Flaccid - Answers The limp state of a plant cell in an isotonic environment where there is no net
tendency for water to enter.
Plasmolysis - Answers A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma
membrane pulls away from the cell wall in a hypertonic environment.
Osmoregulation - Answers The control of solute concentrations and water balance, such as in the
protist Paramecium using a contractile vacuole.
Bulk Transport - Answers The process by which large molecules, such as polysaccharides and proteins,
cross the membrane in bulk via vesicles.
Exocytosis - Answers The process where transport vesicles migrate to the membrane, fuse with it, and
release their contents outside the cell.
Endocytosis - Answers The process by which the cell takes in macromolecules by forming new vesicles
from the plasma membrane.
Phagocytosis - Answers A type of endocytosis ("cellular eating") where a cell engulfs a particle in a
vacuole.
Pinocytosis - Answers A type of endocytosis ("cellular drinking") where molecules dissolved in
droplets are taken up when extracellular fluid is "gulped" into tiny vesicles.
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis - Answers A specialized type of pinocytosis that enables the cell to
acquire bulk quantities of specific substances using receptor proteins.
2026
Osmosis - Answers The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Solute - Answers A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Solvent - Answers The dissolving agent of a solution; in biological systems, this is water.
Solution - Answers A liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
Concentration Gradient - Answers The region along which the density of a chemical substance
increases or decreases.
Tonicity - Answers The ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.
Isotonic - Answers A solution where the solute concentration is the same as inside the cell; no net
water movement occurs.
Hypertonic - Answers A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell; causes the cell to
lose water and shrivel.
Hypotonic - Answers A solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell; causes the cell to gain
water and potentially burst (lyse).
Turgid - Answers The very firm state of a plant cell in a hypotonic environment, which is the healthy
state for most plants.
Flaccid - Answers The limp state of a plant cell in an isotonic environment where there is no net
tendency for water to enter.
Plasmolysis - Answers A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma
membrane pulls away from the cell wall in a hypertonic environment.
Osmoregulation - Answers The control of solute concentrations and water balance, such as in the
protist Paramecium using a contractile vacuole.
Bulk Transport - Answers The process by which large molecules, such as polysaccharides and proteins,
cross the membrane in bulk via vesicles.
Exocytosis - Answers The process where transport vesicles migrate to the membrane, fuse with it, and
release their contents outside the cell.
Endocytosis - Answers The process by which the cell takes in macromolecules by forming new vesicles
from the plasma membrane.
Phagocytosis - Answers A type of endocytosis ("cellular eating") where a cell engulfs a particle in a
vacuole.
Pinocytosis - Answers A type of endocytosis ("cellular drinking") where molecules dissolved in
droplets are taken up when extracellular fluid is "gulped" into tiny vesicles.
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis - Answers A specialized type of pinocytosis that enables the cell to
acquire bulk quantities of specific substances using receptor proteins.
